长江中游地区近年夏季旱涝异常的大气环流差异

以长江中游夏季1998年特大洪涝和2000年异常干旱为实例,对500hPa月平均高度场,极涡,阻塞高压,西太平洋副热带高压强度,面积指数等因子,进行同期大气环流特征对比分析,结果表明,1998年和2000年夏季东亚地区从北到南大气环流具有显著差异。     

南海夏季风建立期间副高带断裂和东撤及其可能机制

使用1998年南海夏季风试验（SCSMEX）资料和日本气象研究所（MRI）所提供的TBB资料，分析了南海夏季风建立期间副高带断裂和东撤过程的主要特征及其可能机制。发现北半球副热带高压带的断裂（低层早于高层）和印缅槽（或孟加拉湾槽）的形成是南海夏季风建立的重要前期征兆之一，也为副高东撤和南海夏季风的建立提供了重要条件。斯里兰卡附近低涡的持续北移是副高断裂和印缅槽建立过程的显特征。分析表明，南海夏季风建立之前，印度半岛的感热加热和中南半岛的潜热加热所激发的气旋性流场在孟加拉湾地区是相互迭加的，这有利于孟加拉湾低涡活动和低槽的形成，这可能是副高断裂和印缅槽活跃的机制。伴随着印缅前西南气流和赤道副高东撤、季风加强和对流加热之间存在一种正反馈作用，这导致了副高的连续东撤和南海夏季风的“爆发性”以及各种要素的突变特征。当南海夏季风对流减弱后，西太平洋副高则会西伸。     

带启动期的Geom/Geom/1可中止工作休假排队

考虑带关闭和启动期的休假可中止的Geom/Geom/1单重工作休假排队。服务员在休假期间并未完全停止工作而是以较低的速率为顾客服务。运用拟生灭链和矩阵几何解方法给出了该模型的稳态队长和逗留时间的概率母函数,并证明了队长和逗留时间的随机分解结构,可将所得到的结果用于光纤通信系统中网关路由器的性能分析。     

The influence of moderate ENSO on summer rainfall in eastern China and its comparison with strong ENSO

The 6 major ENSO events since 1979 are classified into the strong and moderate ENSO based on intensity. The composite analysis is performed to reveal the influence of ENSO on East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） and summer rainfall in eastern China. It is shown that the influence is changed with the seasonal cycle in summer, with a weaker influence in June and a stronger influence in August, indicating a long lagged effect of ENSO on EASM. Besides, the circulation and rainfall anomalies caused by the strong ENSO are also stronger with an earlier starting time, while the influence of the moderate ENSO is evident in August. The composite summer rainfall in eastern China for the moderate ENSO exhibits a northern rainfall pattern, which is totally different from the classical ENSO-type rainfall pattern. Based on the composite analysis, two moderate ENSO years with a similar intensity （i.e., 1995 and 2003） are compared. The result shows that, the response of EASM to the moderate ENSO during June and July is, to a certain degree, modulated by the circulation systems in mid-high latitudes of Eurasia and in the Southern Hemisphere, thereby inducing a different rainfall distribution in eastern China. In comparison with the strong ENSO in 1983, it is further revealed that, the strong ENSO plays a dominant role in summer rainfall anomalies in eastern China as well as in controlling the influence of the other factors on EASM. The strong ENSO is therefore different with the moderate ENSO.     

对夏热冬冷地区外窗节能问题的探讨

建筑物外窗的保温隔热性能是影响室内热环境质量和建筑节能的主要因素之一,为了节约能源,同时又能拥有舒适的室内环境,我们必须积极开展夏热冬冷地区的外窗节能技术研究.     

东亚夏季风异常的研究

本文运用经验正交函数分析方法,对10～65°N,90°E～175°W范围内近30年逐年7月和8月平均海平面气压场进行了分析研究.结果表明,第一、第三特征向量与东亚季风异常有关,第二特征向量与西风环流异常有关.讨论了东亚季风异常与大气环流的关系,以及季风异常对华北东部地区降水时空分布的影响.     

夏热冬冷地区高层住宅围护结构节能设计策略

提出了夏热冬冷地区高层住宅围护结构节能设计中的问题：一是建筑围护结构的保温性不足,二是窗户的密闭性不能满足要求,三是室内空气质量与建筑节能的矛盾,四是高层住宅应对环境变化的能力不足．进而提出解决高层住宅围护结构节能设计的基本策略．     

Linkage between winter sea surface temperature east of Australia and summer precipitation in the Yangtze River valley and a possible physical mechanism

The relationship between winter sea surface temperature (SST) east of Australia and summer precipitation in the Yangtze River valley and a possibly related physical mechanism were investigated using observation data. It is found that winter SST east of Australia is correlated positively to summer precipitation in the Yangtze River valley. When the SST east of Australia becomes warmer in winter, the western Pacific subtropical high and the East Asian westerly jet tend to shift southward the following summer, concurrent with low-level southwesterly anomalies over eastern China. These conditions favor precipitation increase in the Yangtze River valley, whereas the opposite conditions favor precipitation decrease. The influence of winter SST east of Australia on East Asian summer atmospheric circulations may occur in two ways. First, by an anomalous SST signal east of Australia in winter that persists through the following summer, thus affecting East Asian atmospheric circulations via the inter-hemispheric teleconnection. Second, when the SST east of Australia is warmer in winter, higher SST appears simultaneously in the southwest Indian Ocean and subsequently develops eastward by local air-sea interaction. As a result, the SST in the Maritime Continent increases in summer, which may lead to an anomalous change in East Asian summer atmospheric circulations through its impact on convection.     

部分服务台异步N-策略多重休假M/M/c排队

研究了只允许部分服务台休假的M／M/c排队，引入了异步N-策略多重休假规则，使用拟生灭过程与矩阵几何解方法给出了系统稳态队长和顾客平均等待时间等指标，并与经典M/M/c排队进行比较，证明了一类与同步N-策略多重休假平行的条件随机分解定理。     

地板直喷式多联机热泵系统夏季供冷实验及模拟分析

文中提出一种地板直喷式多联机热泵系统,以水平管程相差约35 m的山西省太原市内某建筑二层内两个房间为研究对象,对该系统在夏季供冷时的房间内地板表面平均温度、竖直温度分布、室内温湿度进行测量实验.利用Airpak 3.0软件,模拟房间的温度场、速度场,以及PMV(predicted mean vote),PPD(predicted percent dissatisfied)的分布.结果表明:模拟结果与实验结果基本一致,即采用地板直喷式多联机热泵系统夏季供冷,可以有效保证管程较长房间的地板表面平均温度,且与管程较短的房间地板表面平均温度相差在1 ℃左右;各房间同等高度温差也小于2 ℃;地板表面无结露现象;人员工作区域内-1.5≤PMV≤1.2,PPD≤20%,舒适性良好.