黑龙江省气候成因

黑龙江省的气候，是在众多的相关地理要素共同作用下形成的，本文从纬度位置、季风环流和地形因素3个主要方面进行了分析．而且，在分析其对气候形成的影响时，涉及的气候要素主要是气温和降水．纬度位置对气候的影响，主要体现在热量条件上．季风环流从气温和降水两个方面影响黑龙江省气候．地形因素干扰、破坏着上述两种因素所形成的规律，在一定程度上隔断了气候要素经向和纬向的空间地带性分布，从而使气候变得更为复杂。     

北半球冬季大气环流变化对中国汛期雨带类型分布的影响

 基于1951～2001年1～5月500hPa高度场资料,研究了前期大气环流与中国汛期雨带类型分布的关系.通过分析前期各雨带类型对应的距平合成场和格点样本平均值显著性检验图,以及各雨带类型相应的前期大气环流特征.指出1～2月500hPa层次上,大气环流明显的表现为大尺度分布特征,而3～5月的大尺度分布特征不明显.这表明冬季(1～2月)各雨带类型的显著性关键区的大气环流异常是影响中国汛期雨带类型分布的一个重要因素.从而提出了一些预报线索,可供夏季我国大范围旱涝趋势的长期预报参考.     

Coral reef ecosystems in the South China Sea as a source of atmospheric CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> in summer

Field measurements of air-sea CO2 exchange in three coral reef areas of the South China Sea (i.e. the Yongshu Reef atoll of the Nansha Islands, southern South China Sea (SCS); Yongxing Island of Xisha Islands, north-central SCS; and Luhuitou Fringing Reef in Sanya of Hainan Island, northern SCS) during the summers of 2008 and 2009 revealed that both air and surface seawater partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2) showed regular diurnal cycles. Minimum values occurred in the evening and maximum values in the morning. Air pCO2 in each of the three study areas showed small diurnal variations, while large diurnal variations were ob-served in seawater pCO2. The diurnal variation amplitude of seawater pCO2 was ~70 μmol mol–1 at the Yongshu Reef lagoon, 420–619 μmol mol–1 on the Yongxing Island reef flat, and 264–579 μmol mol–1 on the reef flat of the Luhuitou Fringing Reef, and 324–492 μmol mol–1 in an adjacent area just outside of this fringing reef. With respect to spatial relations, there were large differences in air-sea CO2 flux across the South China Sea (e.g. ~0.4 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Yongshu Reef, ~4.7 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Yongxing Island, and ~9.8 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Luhuitou Fringing Reef). However, these positive values suggest that coral reef ecosystems of the SCS may be a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere. Additional analyses indicated that diurnal variations of surface seawater pCO2 in the shallow water reef flat are controlled mainly by biological metabolic processes, while those of deeper water lagoons and outer reef areas are regulated by both biological metabolism and hydrodynamic factors. Unlike the open ocean, inorganic metabolism plays a significant role in influencing seawater pCO2 variations in coral reef ecosystems.     

Evolution of the East Asian monsoon and its response to uplift of the Tibetan Plateau since 1.8 Ma recorded by major elements in sediments of the South China Sea

Evolution of the East Asian monsoon and its response to uplift of the Tibetan Plateau has been investigated in the study of global change. Core sediment samples drilled in the South China Sea during ODP Leg184 are the best materials for studying long-term variability of the East Asian monsoon. R-mode factor analysis of major elements in the fine grain-sized carbonate-free sediments (<4 μm) of the upper 185 mcd splice of ODP Site 1146 drilled during Leg184 in the South China Sea shows that Ti, TFe2O3, MgO, K2O, P, CaO, and Al2O3 are representative of a terrestrial factor. The variation in the terrestrial factor score is subject to chemical erosion in the source region and thus indicates the evolution of the East Asian summer monsoon. The terrestrial factor score has three stepwise decreases at ~1.3 Ma, ~0.9 Ma, and ~0.6 Ma, indicating the phased weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon is related to wholly stepwise, quick uplifts of the Tibetan Plateau since 1.8 Ma. The periodic fluctuation of the terrestrial factor score since ~0.6 Ma indicates that the glacial-interglacial cycles have been the main force driving the evolution of the East Asian monsoon. As in the case of Chinese loess, the long-term evolution of the East Asian monsoon recorded in sediments of the South China Sea reflects a coupled effect of the glacial-interglacial cycle and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.     

夏热冬暖地区居住建筑被动式节能集成设计研究

针对居住建筑节能现状,对夏热冬暖地区居住建筑的节能设计引入以适宜技术和地域主义为特征的被动式手段,并集成城市、住区、住宅等各个空间层次的相应规划与设计手法,使之在具有普适性的同时更好地发挥系统优势.最后提出具有可操作性的集成设计框架.     

《淮南万毕术》夏造冰之新解——兼与厚宇德先生商榷

二十多年来学术界关于《淮南万毕术》“夏造冰”问题的讨论颇具戏剧性.1983年洪震寰否定了这种可能性,十年之后李志超、赵虹君的相关研究得出了相反的结果.2004年厚宇德研究了李、赵肯定说实验方案,得到出乎意料的相反结论.本文根据原文提出一个新的技术思路,按此思路,则有可能实现“夏造冰”.实际操作中能不能达到预想的目标,还有待于实验验证.     

亚洲夏季风区大气能量谱分析

用1979年FGGE—Ⅲb资料,对亚洲及其邻域的总能量、大气显热源和水汽汇进行谱分析.结果表明:准40天振荡是亚洲夏季风区的主要特征振荡.振荡方差贡献的分布以及振荡源中心位置反映出在印度、孟加拉湾、南海和东亚大陆上空夏季风系统具有一定的独立性。长江以北地区主要受中纬度系统影响,华南沿海和云贵地区则分别受南海和孟加拉湾地区夏季风系统的影响.振荡从主要振荡源向外传播,东亚季风区振荡主要从东南向西北传播.总能量和水汽汇振荡的传播还表明,从南半球有明显的向北传播通道.这些通道与越赤道气流通道大致相对应.大气显热源的振荡则无此特征,但它对大气环流准定常状态的维持有一定的影响,孟加拉湾湾头和南海既是热源中心,亦为准双周振荡的源区.     

印度洋海面温度变异与我国西南夏季风的关系

本文根据海-气相互作用的观点,研究了1970～1977年我国西南夏季风的爆发和撤退时间与印度洋海面温度距平的关系。结果表明季风爆发和撤退的早晚,在它们的前期海面温度距平是有差异的,这种差异在一些海区表现得更加明显。这对我们了解我国夏季风的特性是有意义的。     

Carbon isotopic record of foraminifers in surface sediments from the South China Sea and its significance

Since the 1990s, the papers and data involved withthe South China Sea (SCS) have been emerging in largenumbers in the world as people pay more attention to thepaleoceanography of the SCS. There have been more than100 cores mentioned in papers containing p…     

The terrestrial NPP simulations in China since Last Glacial Maximum

Based on Atmosphere-Vegetation Interaction Model （AVIM）, the magnitude and spatial distribution of terrestrial net primary productivity （NPP） in China is simulated during three different geological eras, Last Glacial Maximum （LGM）, Mid-Holocene （MH） and the present. The simulation shows that the glacial-interglacial variation of East Asian summer monsoon in China is the key factor affectfng the NPP change. During the three eras, mean NPPs are 208 g/m^2·a, 409 g/m^2·a, and 355 g/m^2·a. The total NPPs are 2.05 Pg/a, 3.89 Pg/a and 3.33 Pg/a, respectively. The terrestrial NPP in China during warm-humid climate is larger than that during cold-arid eras, and the correlation analysis between NPP and climate factors suggests that temperature is the primary factor affecting the terrestrial NPP during 21 kaBP （LGM）, and for 6 kaBP （MH） and the present the primary factor is precipitation.