我国煤矿瓦斯中H2S异常矿井的分布特征

结合我国煤矿瓦斯H2S异常矿井的地质构造、水文条件、H2S体积分数、煤类、煤自燃状况,研究煤矿瓦斯H2S异常矿井的地域特征和层域特征。结果表明,H2S异常区主要分布于新疆维吾尔自治区、山西省、四川省等省区;H2S异常煤层主要分布于石炭纪、二叠纪和侏罗纪等煤层中。H2S异常区具有良好盖层,地下水与其他含水层水力联系弱,煤级为焦煤及以上,为硫酸盐热化学反应成因。该研究为煤矿瓦斯H2S异常区预测与治理提供了参考。     

Range anomaly suppression based on neighborhood pixels detection in ladar range images

Research on the range anomaly suppression algorithm in laser radar (ladar) range images is significant in the application and development of ladar. But most of existing algorithms cannot protect the edge and linear target well while suppressing the range anomaly. Aiming at this problem, the differences among the edge, linear target, and range anomaly are analyzed and a novel algorithm based on neighborhood pixels detection is proposed. Firstly, the range differences between current pixel and its neighborhood pixels are calculated. Then, the number of neighborhood pixels is detected by the range difference threshold. Finally, whether the current pixel is a range anomaly is distinguished by the neighborhood pixel number threshold. Experimental results show that the new algorithm not only has a better range anomaly suppression performance and higher efficiency, but also protects the edge and linear target preferably compared with other algorithms.     

夏热冬暖地区既有建筑屋顶节能改造影响因素分析

针对建筑围护结构热工性能差是导致建筑能耗剧增的主要原因之一的现状,以夏热冬暖地区既有建筑屋顶作为主要研究对象,在实地调研的基础上,结合改造的特殊性,对其受到的影响制约因素进行深入分析,提出相关的设计实践经验与思考。     

土壤湿度对中国西北地区夏季气候年际变率模拟效果的影响

利用耦合陆面过程模式CLM3的全球大气环流模式NCAR CAM3进行2组1979～2000年5～8月的集合试验,研究了表层土壤湿度对中国西北地区夏季气候年际变率模拟的影响。结果表明:在相同海温强迫条件下,采用年际变化的表层土壤湿度(ISSM)时,CAM3模式对于夏季西北地区气温和降水年际变率的模拟能力明显好于采用气候态的表层土壤湿度(CSSM)。计算表明,1979～2000年CSSM试验和ISSM试验模拟的西北地区夏季气温距平与ERA40资料的相关系数分别为0.60和0.65; CSSM试验模拟的西北地区夏季降水距平与CMAP资料的相关系数仅为0.29,而ISSM试验模拟结果与CMAP资料的相关系数为0.48。在相同海温强迫条件下,ISSM试验比CSSM试验能更好地模拟出中国西北地区夏季降水年际变率。     

Seasonal cycle of the zonal land-sea thermal contrast and East Asian subtropical monsoon circulation

Based on analysis of the climatic temperature latitudinal deviation on middle troposphere, its seasonal cycle suggests that due to the rapid warming from eastern China continent to the east of Tibetan Plateau and the heating of Tibetan Plateau in spring, seasonal transition of the thermal difference between East Asia continent and West Pacific first takes place in the subtropical region with greatest intensity. On the accompanying low troposphere, the prevailing wind turns from northerly in winter to southerly in summer with the convection precipitation occurring at the same time. This maybe indicates the onset of the East Asian subtropical summer monsoon. Consequently, we advice that the seasonal cycle formed by the zonal thermal contrast between Asian continent and West Pacific may be an independent driving force of East Asian subtropical monsoon.     

Asian summer monsoon precipitation recorded by stalagmite oxygen isotopic composition in the western Loess Plateau during AD1875―2003 and its linkage with ocean-atmosphere system

Based on 5 high-precision 230Th dates and 103 stable oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O) obtained from the top 16 mm of a stalagmite collected from Wanxiang Cave,Wudu,Gansu,variation of monsoonal precipita-tion in the modern Asian Monsoon (AM) marginal zone over the past 100 years was reconstructed. Comparison of the speleothem δ18O record with instrumental precipitation data at Wudu in the past 50 years indicates a high parallelism between the two curves,suggesting that the speleothem δ18O is a good proxy for the AM strength and associated precipitation,controlled by "amount effect" of the pre-cipitation. Variation of the monsoonal precipitation during the past 100 years can be divided into three stages,increasing from AD 1875 to 1900,then decreasing from AD 1901 to 1946,and increasing again thereafter. This variation is quite similar to that of the Drought/Flooding index archived from Chinese historical documents. This speleothem-derived AM record shows a close association with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) between AD 1875 and 1977,with higher monsoonal precipitation corre-sponding to cold PDO phase and vice versa at decadal timescale. The monsoonal precipitation varia-tion is out of phase with the PDO after AD 1977,probably resulting from the decadal climate jump in the north Pacific occurring at around AD 1976/77. These results demonstrate a strong linkage between the AM and associated precipitation and the Pacific Ocean via ocean/atmosphere interaction. This rela-tionship will aid to forecast future hydrological cycle for the AM monsoon region,and to improve forecasting potential of climatic model with observation data from cave.     

一种用于异常检测的网络流量抽样方法

为了减小抽样数据对网络异常检测的影响,提出了一种新的可变抽样率的网络流量抽样方法.通过利用哈希模式匹配算法,将到达的数据报文按流标识分类并记录下该报文在流中的位置,然后根据报文所属流的位置顺序减函数来设置不同的报文抽样概率.实验结果表明,所提方法增加了短流报文的抽样概率,解决了由于随机报文抽样方法偏向于长流抽样而导致的网络异常丢弃的问题,从而提高了异常检测的正确性.     

卫河水对太行隆肛蛙蝌蚪红细胞核异常的影响

运用遗传毒理学的方法,研究环磷酰胺和卫河水对太行隆肛蛙蝌蚪红细胞核异常的影响.结果表明:经10 mg.L-1、20 mg.L-1、40 mg.L-1环磷酰胺溶液和10%、30%、50%体积浓度的卫河水处理4、8、12和16 d,太行隆肛蛙蝌蚪红细胞的微核率和总核异常率明显升高;20 mg.L-1环磷酰胺溶液可作为阳性对照;每一处理浓度下,红细胞微核率、总核异常率均在第12 d达到高峰.说明,太行隆肛蛙蝌蚪红细胞微核和核异常实验对监测污染水体中的遗传毒性物质敏感可行;卫河水污染严重,含有较强的遗传毒性物质,应加快对卫河水的治理,以防止其对地下水源的污染.     

GPS高程水准拟合模型与精度分析

为了实现GPS观测时能同时获得实用的三维坐标,必须把GPS测量得到的高程信息,即大地高转换成我国常用的是正常高系统.从几何模型解析逼近的角度出发,结合具体实例研究了解析内插法和数学曲面拟合法,对不同拟合模型进行了精度评价,证明在平原地区GPS高程水准拟合方法能够达到四等水准的要求.     

基于海洋磁异常特征的目标定位理论和方法

在世界磁场模型WMM2005的基础上,建立了海洋磁场的数值计算模型,根据水下目标磁场的远场分布特征,建立了目标磁场分布的定位模型。在此基础上提出了水下目标磁异常定位方法。仿真实验证明,该定位方法完全可以满足水下目标精确定位的要求。