循环水缓蚀阻垢剂的研究

针对某公司循环水的水质情况,对原有的缓蚀阻垢剂进行改进,通过正交试验确定缓蚀效果较优的组合,有针对性地研究了一种适用于该公司循环水的缓蚀阻垢剂配方.     

含水率和腐蚀因素对钢筋混凝土柱抗震性能的影响

通过分析混凝土试块浸泡在水中和不同浓度腐蚀溶液中力学性能变化的试验结果,回归出混凝土抗压强度和弹性模量随含水率或腐蚀时间变化的计算模型,并通过纤维模型有限元程序OpenSees,对不同含水率或不同腐蚀程度的钢筋混凝土模型柱在低周往复荷载作用下的受力性能进行了模拟.结果表明:随着含水率的增加,两种养护条件下,构件抗震性能降低的程度较小,但随着腐蚀程度的增大,构件耗能能力和延性的降低及承载力和刚度的衰减比较显著.     

油套管用钢P110的CO_2腐蚀动力学研究

利用高温高压腐蚀试验及电化学原位测量技术,并辅以SEM、EDS和XRD等微观分析手段研究了油套管用钢P110在CO2分压为2 MPa、温度为100℃的3.5%NaCl水溶液中的腐蚀失重、界面反应电化学特性、腐蚀产物膜的微观形貌、成分和结构特征,探讨了油套管用钢CO2腐蚀动力学.研究结果表明:油套管用钢P110的CO2腐蚀产物为FeCO3;随腐蚀时间的延长及腐蚀产物膜的形成,平均腐蚀速率逐渐降低、趋势变缓,产物膜生长满足抛物线生长规律;腐蚀产物晶粒逐渐长大并堆垛紧密,逐渐成膜覆盖于金属表面,膜厚先增加后逐渐趋于稳定,对基体保护能力增强;不同腐蚀时间交流阻抗图谱(EIS)的拟合结果表明,极化电阻随着腐蚀时间增加逐渐增大,电极反应由最初的活化控制变为扩散控制.     

Ca对医用Mg-4Zn合金轧制板材组织与性能的影响

采用金相分析、扫描电镜分析和拉伸测试等手段研究了Ca含量(质量分数0.3%,0.6%和0.9%)对高应变速率轧制Mg-4Zn基合金板材显微组织、力学性能和耐生体腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:加入Ca可以细化Mg-4Zn合金的动态再结晶晶粒,导致合金中残余第2相的含量增加和尺寸增大,并提高其抗拉强度和屈服强度.其中,Mg-4Zn-0.9Ca合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为300 MPa和278 MPa,比基体合金分别提高了12.4%和68.5%.然而,合金的耐腐蚀性能和剩余抗拉强度随着Ca含量的增加而下降,可归因于合金中残余第2相含量的增加以及尺寸增大.Mg-4Zn合金板材中第2相比较细小、分布均匀,倾向于均匀腐蚀,在0.9%NaCl溶液中浸泡7d的平均腐蚀速率为0.80mg/(cm~2·d),浸泡7d,15d后的剩余抗拉强度分别为217 MPa和205 MPa.     

Corrosion-wear behavior of nanocrystalline Fe88Si12 alloy in acid and alkaline solutions

The corrosion?wear behavior of a nanocrystalline Fe88Si12 alloy disc coupled with a Si3N4 ball was investigated in acid (pH 3) and alkaline (pH 9) aqueous solutions. The dry wear was also measured for reference. The average friction coefficient of Fe88Si12 alloy in the pH 9 solution was approximately 0.2, which was lower than those observed for Fe88Si12 alloy in the pH 3 solution and in the case of dry wear. The fluctuation of the friction coefficient of samples subjected to the pH 9 solution also showed similar characteristics. The wear rate in the pH 9 solution slightly increased with increasing applied load. The wear rate was approximately one order of magnitude less than that in the pH 3 solution and was far lower than that in the case of dry wear, especially at high applied load. The wear traces of Fe88Si12 alloy under dif-ferent wear conditions were examined and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicated that the tribo-chemical reactions that involve oxidation of the worn surface and hydrolysis of the Si3N4 ball in the acid solution were restricted in the pH 9 aqueous solution. Thus, water lubrication can effectively improve the wear resistance of nanocrystalline Fe88Si12 alloy in the pH 9 aqueous solution.     

纳米材料/环氧复合涂层的耐蚀性能研究进展

结构保护法、保护层法、防护层材料法、电化学保护法和介质处理法等是金属防腐蚀的主要方法,在诸多缓蚀方法中,防护层材料法是一种经济高效且广泛使用的防腐方法。环氧树脂是一种高效的防护层材料,需经过常温固化或加热固化后使用。然而,其固化过程存在的微孔会弱化环氧涂层的耐蚀性。将纳米材料加入环氧树脂中形成环氧树脂复合涂层,可填补环氧涂层中的微孔,提升环氧涂层的防腐效率。首先,详细讨论了影响纳米材料/环氧复合涂层耐蚀性能的因素,探讨了纳米材料/环氧复合涂层的防腐机理。其次,简要介绍了用于环氧涂层的2种纳米材料（石墨烯和金属有机框架材料）,总结了石墨烯和金属有机框架材料的改性和修饰方法。最后,从树脂成分、填料成分、机理探究以及开发自愈合涂层等方面对纳米材料/环氧复合涂层应用存在的问题和发展前景进行了展望,提出纳米材料/环氧复合涂层是一种长期防护金属免受腐蚀的方法,未来应致力于研发用于环氧涂层的二维和三维材料。     

X65碳钢的H2S/CO2腐蚀控制因素研究

目前,H₂S/CO₂腐蚀过程的控制因素判定依据主要参考Dunlop等的研究结果,但该判定结果经常与油田实际腐蚀情况不相符。为找到造成偏差的主要原因,更好地指导生产实践,采用动态高温高压釜,使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）和X射线衍射（XRD）等手段对X65碳钢在H₂S/CO₂共存体系中的腐蚀控制因素进行了研究。结果表明,不同温度下平均腐蚀速率随H₂S/CO₂分压比（p_H2S/p_CO2）的变化呈现两种不同的规律,这与腐蚀产物的膜形态和组成密切相关;腐蚀控制因素与p_H2S/p_CO2有关,而p_H2S/p_CO2临界值大小与温度密切相关。对于H₂S腐蚀控制,当温度低于40℃时,Dunlop等的研究结果仍然适用;当温度从40℃升高至60℃时,本研究的p_H2S/p_CO2临界值由0.05升高到0.10。对于CO₂腐蚀控制,本研究的p_H2S/p_CO2临界值在85℃以上时由原来的0.002逐渐升高到0.003。根据以上研究结果,修正了X65碳钢的H₂S/CO₂腐蚀过程的控制因素与p_H2S/p_CO2及体系温度的关系图。     

非金属夹杂物对弹簧钢局部腐蚀的影响

Certain inclusions in high-strength 60Si2Mn–Cr spring steel result in poor resistance to localized corrosion. In this work, to study the effect of inclusions on the localized corrosion behavior of spring steel, accelerated corrosion tests were performed by immersing spring steel in 3wt% FeCl₃ solution for different times. The results show that severe corrosion occurred in areas of clustered CaS inclusions. Sulfide inclusions containing Ca and Mg induced the strongest localized corrosion susceptibility. For the case of (Ca,Mn,Mg)S inclusions, the ability to induce localized corrosion susceptibility is ranked as follows: MgS > CaS > MnS. Moreover, CaS, (Ca,Mn)S, and (Ca,Mn,Mg)S inclusions were mainly responsible for inducing environmental embrittlement.     

高强钢丝蚀坑尺寸对应力集中效应的影响

斜拉桥拉索钢丝的力学性能对腐蚀极为敏感,腐蚀使钢丝表面产生的蚀坑会导致应力集中,削弱钢丝局部的疲劳抵抗能力,从而吸引疲劳裂纹从这里成核,这通常是斜拉桥拉索承载力和使用寿命降低的直接原因。为研究钢丝蚀坑尺寸的影响,基于数值模拟的方法,建立三维蚀坑模型来探讨蚀坑的长、宽、深对应力集中的影响。采用ANSYS建立高强钢丝的有限元实体模型,基于蚀坑的不同尺寸比例,即蚀坑深宽比、长宽比,模拟了深窄形和开放形蚀坑。通过有限元软件计算所得数据拟合出蚀坑尺寸因素与应力集中系数的曲线,根据所得曲线,拟合出蚀坑处应力集中系数随不同尺寸比变化的近似计算公式。基于蚀坑的应力分布图和应力集中系数随尺寸比的变化规律,探讨了蚀坑的长、宽、深对应力集中效应以及蚀坑处应力分布的影响,并横向比较了3个尺寸因素对应力集中效应的影响程度,结果表明,高强钢丝应力集中系数会随蚀坑深宽比或宽深比的增加而增加,而随蚀坑长度的增加而减小。此外,蚀坑长度的变化对高强钢丝应力集中系数的影响最为显著,蚀坑深度次之,而蚀坑宽度的影响最弱。     

Influence of pH,immersion time,and benzotriazole concentration on copper corrosion in citric acid based slurries

Copper corrosion in citric acid based slurries with or without benzotriazole (BTA) was investigated as a function of the slurry pH,immersion time and BTA concentration by static etching and electrochemical experiments.The chemical composition of the corroded surface was determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).The static etching rate of copper in a H2O2 +citric acid+BTA slurry was lower than that in a H2O2 +citric acid slurry at pH 4.4-8.When the pH of the slurry was >8 or <4.4,the results were reversed and the static etching rate of copper increased when BTA was added to the H2O2 +citric acid slurry.The inhibitory effect of BTA in the H2O2 +citric acid slurry at pH 6 increased with the increasing immersion time of the copper.The corrosion current density of copper gradually decreased with increasing BTA concentration in slurry.