二氧化硫的催化净化技术

长期以来我国的能源结构以煤炭为主,煤燃烧时会生成SO2、Nox,由此造成了严重的大气污染,降雨酸化。催化脱硫法作为一种新型技术,脱硫成本低、脱硫率高,可满足日益严格的环保要求。本文分燃烧前脱硫、燃烧中脱硫、烟气脱硫三个部分并分别介绍了催化脱硫的研究进展及应用。     

SO2转化为SO2-4的条件研究

在对气溶胶污染物中的SO2-4测定采样时,大气中SO2转化生成附加SO2-4干扰测定。文中对这一转化条件进行了初步探讨,发现其转化率与采样滤材的pH值,大气中SO2的浓度及相对湿度呈明显的正相关     

应用放射性同位素示踪法研究喀斯特地区地下水

本文论述了放射性同位素示踪测井方法及单井同位素地下水流向流速仪的构造、原理及特点:~(131)I作示踪剂,用LID和IC作接收器.采用萤光照相定方位。流向误差<±10~0,测深500m.文中着重介绍了该方法在喀斯特地区地下水均衡试验场中的应用实例.通过流场动态参数测定,正确划分了试验场地下水边界、补给关系.采用这种新的水文地质手段,可提高水文物探效率,为该试验区节约打井费用40-50万元.     

煤中硫的赋存规律

介绍了煤中黄铁矿的形态特征及分布,从煤的显微组分中有机硫的分布特点和煤中有机硫的存在形态两方面探讨了煤中有机硫的分布规律。     

中国西南部第四纪碳酸钙年代与古环境的地球化学特征

喀斯特地区的泉水和溪流水中沉淀下来的一种次生沉积物，是由碳酸钙过饱和沉淀产生的．碳酸钙沉积或沉积多寡受到多种因素的控制和影响，其中古环境，特别是古气候，影响尤甚．我们通过同位素测年工作，探讨了云贵高原第四纪以来的古环境的演递及其发育历史．     

Molybdenum isotopic composition as a tracer for low-medium temperature hydrothermal ore-forming systems: A case study on the Dajiangping pyrite deposit,western Guangdong Province,China

Little is known about the range or controls on the molybdenum isotopic composition of low-medium temperature hydrothermal ore-forming systems. We present molybdenum isotope data from 12 hydrothermal syndepositional silicalite and carbonaceous slate samples from the Dajiangping pyrite deposit in western Guangdong Province, South China. The δ ^97/95 Mo values from Orebody III range from −0.02‰ to 0.29‰, with an average of 0.18‰. In contrast, the composition values from Orebody IV display a larger variation from −0.70‰ to 0.62‰. However, the five samples from the main ore bed all show strong negative values. This indicates that the significant variation in molybdenum isotopic composition supports different hydrothermal ore-forming metallogenesis and a metallogenic environment between the two orebodies. Orebody III is likely to have been deposited from submarine exhalative hydrothermal fluids under a relatively strong reducing environment and Orebody IV may have also been influenced by hydrothermal superimposition in a more oxidized disequilibrium condition. In addition, the δ ^97/95 Mo values of Orebody IV are clearly negative, together with the values increasing stratigraphically upward in the ore beds, suggesting that the metallogenic environment of Orebody IV is different from the open oceanic systems. There might be dynamic fractionation in this restricted environment. Therefore, the molybdenum isotope can be used as an effective tracer for the ore-forming fluid and metallogenic environment.     

An in situ zircon Hf isotopic,U-Pb age and trace element study of banded granulite xenolith from Hannuoba basalt： Tracking the early evolution of the lower crust in the North China craton

Backscattered electron images, in situ Hf isotopes, U-Pb ages and trace elements of zircons in a banded granulite xenolith from Hannuoba basalt have been studied. The results show that the banded granulite is a sample derived from the early lower crust of the North China craton. It is difficult to explain the petrogenesis of the xenolith with a single process. Abundant information on several processes, however, is contained in the granulite. These processes in-clude the addition of mantle material, crustal remelting, metamorphic differentiation and the delamination of early lower crust. About 80% of zircons studied yield ages of 1842 ±40 Ma, except few ages of 3097-2824 Ma and 2489-2447 Ma. The zircons with ages older than 2447 Ma have high εHf (up to +18.3) and high Hf model age (2.5-2.6 Ga), indicating that the primitive materials of the granulite were derived mainly from a depleted mantle source in late Archean. Most εhf of the zircons with early Proterozoic U-Pb age vary around zero, but two have     

用气相色谱法同步分析高酸性石油天然气中的硫化物

采用配有毛细管柱和FPD检测器的气相色谱对石油天然气中所含的6种硫化物进行了定性定量分析,得到了各硫化物质量浓度与色谱响应峰高的关系式,比较了不同气体取样袋材质对分析结果的影响。结果表明,实验所用色谱柱能够实现对各硫化物的有效分离,FPD检测器对天然气中该6种硫化物响应峰高的自然对数与硫化物浓度的自然对数呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数在0.980以上。普通橡胶材质采样袋对有机硫化物的吸附作用明显,不宜采用。     

应用铅同位素比值和元素含量分析法识别有机鸡样品真实性

探究了鸡中铅同位素与相关元素在有机养殖和常规养殖中的差异性,以探讨有机鸡样品溯源的可能性。相同品种的鸡分别采用有机养殖和常规养殖2种不同的饲养方式,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱分别对有机鸡和普通鸡样品中的铅同位素比值和相关元素含量进行测定。方差分析结果表明,铅同位素比值²⁰⁴Pb/²⁰⁶Pb和P、Zn、Fe、Mn、Mg、Ca、Cu、Na、K元素含量具有显著性差异(p＜0.05);主成分分析初步表明,Zn、Mn、Mg、Ca、Cu、Na、K为有机鸡和普通鸡样品中的特征无机元素;聚类分析可将鸡样品分为有机养殖和常规养殖两大类,通过判别分析所得模型的初始分组正确率为100.0%,交叉验证正确率为90.0%。利用铅同位素比值(²⁰⁴Pb/²⁰⁶Pb)、相关元素(P、Zn、Fe、Mn、Mg、Ca、Cu、Na、K)含量分析能够对有机鸡进行有效溯源识别,研究结果可为有机鸡的鉴别研究提供新的方法。     

雾水和降水的氢氧稳定同位素差异及其影响因素

为深入分析不同陆地系统中雾水和降水的氢氧稳定同位素差异及其主要影响因素,在全球尺度下搜集了雾水和降水的氢氧稳定同位素数据,统计分析了不同地区雾水和降水的氢氧稳定同位素特征及二者差异的显著性。结合雾水的lc-excess值,分类讨论并揭示了同位素差异的主要形成原因及其与雾发生类型的关系。结果表明:整体上,雾水比降水更富集重同位素, δ 2H和 δ 18O的差值分别在10‰~60‰和1.2‰~5.5‰之间。根据雾水lc-excess的特征,各地区雾水和降水氢氧稳定同位素差异可分为3类:lc-excess值近似为0,雾水分布在LMWL的95%置信区间内;lc-excess值大于0,雾水分布在LMWL上方;lc-excess值小于0,雾水分布在LMWL下方;这3类差异的主导因素分别为水汽来源、凝结温度、环境湿度。因地形雾、辐射雾、平流雾对应的水汽条件和冷凝过程不同,因此三者与降水的同位素差异也不同:地形雾与降水的同位素无显著差异;辐射雾与降水的同位素组成差异较大,雾水中重同位素明显富集;平流雾与降水的同位素组成重叠区域较小,雾水中的重同位素明显更加富集。