Heterogeneous reactions on the surface of fine particles in the atmosphere

Fine particles play an important role in the atmosphere. Research on heterogeneous reactions on the surface of fine particles is one of the frontier areas of atmospheric science. In this paper, physical and chemical characteristics of fine particles in the atmosphere and the interactions between trace gases and fine particles are described, methods used in heterogeneous reactions research are discussed in detail, progress in the study of heterogeneous reactions on the surface of fine particles in the atmosphere is summarized, existing important questions are pointed out and future research directions are suggested.     

三江平原小叶章湿地土壤有机硫矿化特征

利用密闭培养系统，在20℃条件下研究了小叶章典型草甸和沼泽化草甸土壤有机硫的矿化，结果表明：连续培养14周后，小叶章典型草甸和小叶章沼泽化草甸土壤有机硫的矿化量分别为9．61mg／kg和6.73mg／kg，其中48.70％和51．41％来自前两周的矿化；各形态有机硫均有不同程度的矿化，其中以酯键硫的矿化量最大，碳键硫次之，未知态硫最小。土壤有机硫矿化量与培养时间之间符合曲线关系，用一级动力学方程计算土壤有机硫矿化势表明，小叶章典型草甸和小叶章沼泽化草甸土壤有机硫潜在矿化势分别为9.68mg／kg和7．25mg／kg。小叶章典型草甸土壤有机硫的矿化速率和潜力均高于小叶章沼泽化草甸。图1，表4，参12。     

深度解离高硫煤的表面特性及表征

选择具有代表性的高硫煤(山东兖州煤与重庆南桐煤)为研究对象,通过深度解离(-200目以下),采用红外光谱、X-射线衍射、电子能谱仪、扫描电镜等表征手段对两种煤中煤和黄铁矿硫的物理性质、矿物成分及解离面的表面化学组成、界面物理化学特性差异进行分析。研究揭示高硫煤在高解离度下煤与煤系黄铁矿硫的物理特性、表面特性、煤与煤系黄铁矿硫表面特性的差异.     

锈蚀对网架结构性能影响的研究分析

以网架实际工程为研究对象,考虑到锈蚀深度占壁厚的百分比,分析了锈蚀对结构承载能力的影响,指出锈蚀对结构由表及里的腐蚀过程中,不断地改变着结构的受力状态,并对结构造成损伤,其危害除与锈蚀的程度有关外,还与结构特性、应力状态及几何性质等因素有关,据此可在结构设计中主动地加以考虑,做到及早预防或减少锈蚀对钢结构的危害。     

Authigenic sulfide minerals and their sulfur isotopes in sediments of the northern continental slope of the South China Sea and their implications for methane flux and gas hydrate formation

This is a report of the study of the authigenic sulfide minerals and their sulfur isotopes in a sediment core (NH-1) collected on the northern continental slope of the South China Sea, where other geo-physical and geochemical evidence seems to suggest gas hydrate formation in the sediments. The study has led to the findings: (1) the pyrite content in sediments was relatively high and its grain size relatively large compared with that in normal pelagic or hemipelagic sediments; (2) the shallowest depth of the acid volatile sulfide (AVS) content maximum was at 437.5 cm (>2 μmol/g), which was deeper than that of the authigenic pyrite content maximum (at 141.5-380.5 cm); (3) δ 34S of authigenic pyrite was positive (maximum: 15‰) at depth interval of 250-380 cm; (4) the positive δ 34S coincided with pyrite enrichment. Compared with the results obtained from the Black Sea sediments by Jorgen-sen and coworkers, these observations indicated that at the NH-1 site, the depth of the sulfate-methane interface (SMI) would be or once was at about 437.5-547.5 cm and the relatively shallow SMI depth suggested high upward methane fluxes. This was in good agreement with the results obtained from pore water sulfate gradients and core head-space methane concentrations in sediment cores collected in the area. All available evidence suggested that methane gas hydrate formation may exist or may have existed in the underlying sediments.     

高硅铸铁在多种环境下的腐蚀行为研究

采用失重分析、金相分析等实验方法研究了高硅铸铁的组织及在不同环境下的耐腐蚀性能。实验结果表明,高硅铸铁在各种腐蚀介质中均有良好的耐蚀性,腐蚀溶液的浓度对高硅铸铁的腐蚀速度有较大影响。高硅铸铁在同样浓度的酸性环境中的耐蚀性比在碱性环境中好,在中性盐环境中的耐蚀性则居两者之间。     

α-Al2O3微粉对镁质浇注料性能的影响

研究α-Al2O3微粉加入量对钢包渣线用镁铝质浇注料线变化率、显气孔率、耐压强度和抗渣性能的影响,借助EDAX分析,探讨了浇注料的渣蚀机理。结果表明,随着α-Al2O3质量分数的增加,经1000℃×3h热处理后,浇注料的线变化率逐渐增大,显气孔率增加,耐压强度提高;经1600℃×3h热处理后,浇注料的线变化率逐渐增加,显气孔率稍有减小,耐压强度逐渐降低,但当α-Al2O3质量分数大于10%后,浇注料的耐压强度增加;随着α-Al2O3质量分数的增加,浇注料渗透指数逐渐减小,但侵蚀指数明显增大。镁铝质浇注料的性能变化主要与材料的组成和显微结构相关。     

Ni_3Si涂层对Ti_6Al_4V合金抗NaCl/O_2/H_2O(g)协同腐蚀性能的影响

研究了磁控溅射法制备的Ni3Si涂层对Ti6Al4V合金在600℃下,抗NaCl/氧气/水蒸气协同腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,在材料遭受腐蚀的过程中,Ni3Si涂层有效地改善了Ti6Al4V合金抗NaCl/氧气/水蒸气综合腐蚀的能力;而无涂层试样遭受了严重的腐蚀,不仅发生了内氧化,而且有大量的腐蚀产物脱落.利用带能谱的扫描电镜、X射线衍射、电子探针和表面光电子能谱对样品的腐蚀行为进行了分析,并讨论了涂层抗腐蚀的机理.     

Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Cr7C3/γ-Fe Ceramal Composite Coating Fabricated by Plasma Cladding

A new type in situ Cr7C3/γ-Fe ceramal composite coating was fabricated on substrate of hardened and tempered grade C steel by plasma cladding with Fe-Cr-C alloy powders. The ceramal composite coating has a rapidly solidified microstructure consisting of primary Cr7C3/γ- and the Cr7C3/γ-Fe eutectics, and is metallurgically bonded to the degree C steel substrate. The corrosion resistances of the coating in water solutions of 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 and 3.5% NaCl were evaluated utilizing the electrochemical polarization corrosion-test method. Because of the inherent excellent corrosion-resisting properties of the constituting phase and the rapidly solidified homogeneous microstructure, the plasma clad ceramal composite coating exhibits excellent corrosion resistance in the water solutions of 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 and 3.5% NaCl.     

Cu-11Fe-4Cr原位复合材料在HSO^-3和／或C1^-介质中的耐蚀性

采用选择腐蚀技术，提取了Cu-11Fe-4Cr原位复合材料中Fe-Cr纤维，并测定了其电极电位。通过间歇式盐水喷雾实验和极化曲线测定，研究了Cu-11Fe-4Cr原位复合材料在HSO^-3和／或C1^-介质中的腐蚀行为。用扫描电镜对腐蚀产物和腐蚀表面进行分析。结果表明，Cu-11Fe-4Cr原位复合材料中，E（Cu）〈E（Fe-Cr），故Cu基体为阳极，而第二相Fe-Cr纤维为阴极。Cu-11Fe-4Cr原位复合材料在（NaHS03＋NaC1）和NaHS03介质中的E（Fe-Cr）-E（Cu）显著高于NaC1介质中的E（Fe-Cr）-E（Cu），Cu-11Fe-4Cr原位复合材料在NaC1介质中的腐蚀失重最小，在NaC1介质中具有良好的耐蚀性。