汽油中硫化氢和硫醇硫的极谱分析

用极谱分析法测定了汽油中的硫化氢和硫醇硫的含量.以甲醇、吡啶、去离子水作为混合溶剂,以0.1 mol/L KOH溶液作为支持电解质。把传统的酸性底液改为碱性底液,提高了测定的灵敏度.不经过分离可分别测定硫化氢和硫醇硫的含量,最低检出限量均为1.0×10~(-7)mol/L,回收率在95％以上.     

支撑熔盐膜法脱除烟气中的SO^＋2

从理论和实验两方面研究了支撑熔盐膜法烟气脱硫新技术。采用非记热力学建立了ＳＯ２传质的数学模型，并用电子计算机进行求解，考察了电流密度气相中ＳＯ２浓度，阴极室气体流量等因素对ＳＯ２传质的影响。实验结果与理论解相符合。     

超高压脉冲综合治理SO2,NOx和CO2气体

应用超高压脉冲电晕放电在ｎｓ数量级内产生“爆炸”式的巨大能量，使反应器内的ＳＯ２、ＮＯｘ、ＣＯ２分子获得了活化能，几乎全部成为活化分子，在定向反应作用下分解成气体分子Ｏ２、Ｎ２和固体微粒Ｓ、Ｃ。在１８０℃的常压条件下气体分解率均在７５％￣９０％。     

Ecology and physiology of phototrophic bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria in marine salterns

Marine salterns are habitats for a large variety of halophilic bacteria. In the anoxic zones, halophilic sulfur bacteria develop mainly at the sediment surface, but only a few of them have so far been isolated from such environments. Among the phototrophic sulfur bacteria that sometimes form purple layers underneath the green cyanobacterial layers, members of the generaEctothiodhodospira, Chromatium (C. salexigens), Thiocapsa (T. halophila) were isolated. They grow by using sulfide as an electron donor. In the marine salterns, sulfide originates from active sulfate reduction. Among the halophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria, onlyDesulfovibrio halophilus andDesulfohalobium retbaense have so far been isolated. The ecology and physiology of both kinds of bacteria are discussed in this paper.     

Change in the sedimentary environment of Wanquan River Estuary,Hainan Island,China

Pb geochronology and sediment core profiles of organic carbon, total sulfur and organic carbon isotope (d 13C) values were used to reconstruct the local environ-mental history of the Shamei Lagoon, located in the Wan-quan River Estuary, eastern Hainan Island, China. Totalsulfur and d 13C values decreased upwards in the top 30 cm of a sediment core that spanned the last 200 years of deposi-tion. Total sulfur concentration and d 13C values respectively decreased upward from 1.92% to 0.36%, and -20.63?to -23.64? The C/S ratio in the 19th century and earlier was relatively stable in the range of 0.47—0.80, and there was a positive correlation between organic carbon and total sulfur. Since around 1900 AD, the C/S ratio increased rapidly to a maximum of 3.94, but no simple correlation was found be-tween organic carbon and total sulfur during this more re-cent period. These results indicated that before 1800 AD, the lagoon had a fully marine character, and the location of to-day抯 Wanquan River Estuary was an open embayment.From 1800 to 1900, the salinity of Shamei Lagoon decreased noticeably. The amount of seawater which could enter thelagoon decreased gradually as the Yudai spit grew. Today,seawater scarcely affects the lagoon; it is essentially a fresh-water basin.     

Heterogeneous reactions on the surface of fine particles in the atmosphere

Fine particles play an important role in the atmosphere. Research on heterogeneous reactions on the surface of fine particles is one of the frontier areas of atmospheric science. In this paper, physical and chemical characteristics of fine particles in the atmosphere and the interactions between trace gases and fine particles are described, methods used in heterogeneous reactions research are discussed in detail, progress in the study of heterogeneous reactions on the surface of fine particles in the atmosphere is summarized, existing important questions are pointed out and future research directions are suggested.     

三江平原小叶章湿地土壤有机硫矿化特征

利用密闭培养系统，在20℃条件下研究了小叶章典型草甸和沼泽化草甸土壤有机硫的矿化，结果表明：连续培养14周后，小叶章典型草甸和小叶章沼泽化草甸土壤有机硫的矿化量分别为9．61mg／kg和6.73mg／kg，其中48.70％和51．41％来自前两周的矿化；各形态有机硫均有不同程度的矿化，其中以酯键硫的矿化量最大，碳键硫次之，未知态硫最小。土壤有机硫矿化量与培养时间之间符合曲线关系，用一级动力学方程计算土壤有机硫矿化势表明，小叶章典型草甸和小叶章沼泽化草甸土壤有机硫潜在矿化势分别为9.68mg／kg和7．25mg／kg。小叶章典型草甸土壤有机硫的矿化速率和潜力均高于小叶章沼泽化草甸。图1，表4，参12。     

深度解离高硫煤的表面特性及表征

选择具有代表性的高硫煤(山东兖州煤与重庆南桐煤)为研究对象,通过深度解离(-200目以下),采用红外光谱、X-射线衍射、电子能谱仪、扫描电镜等表征手段对两种煤中煤和黄铁矿硫的物理性质、矿物成分及解离面的表面化学组成、界面物理化学特性差异进行分析。研究揭示高硫煤在高解离度下煤与煤系黄铁矿硫的物理特性、表面特性、煤与煤系黄铁矿硫表面特性的差异.     

Authigenic sulfide minerals and their sulfur isotopes in sediments of the northern continental slope of the South China Sea and their implications for methane flux and gas hydrate formation

This is a report of the study of the authigenic sulfide minerals and their sulfur isotopes in a sediment core (NH-1) collected on the northern continental slope of the South China Sea, where other geo-physical and geochemical evidence seems to suggest gas hydrate formation in the sediments. The study has led to the findings: (1) the pyrite content in sediments was relatively high and its grain size relatively large compared with that in normal pelagic or hemipelagic sediments; (2) the shallowest depth of the acid volatile sulfide (AVS) content maximum was at 437.5 cm (>2 μmol/g), which was deeper than that of the authigenic pyrite content maximum (at 141.5-380.5 cm); (3) δ 34S of authigenic pyrite was positive (maximum: 15‰) at depth interval of 250-380 cm; (4) the positive δ 34S coincided with pyrite enrichment. Compared with the results obtained from the Black Sea sediments by Jorgen-sen and coworkers, these observations indicated that at the NH-1 site, the depth of the sulfate-methane interface (SMI) would be or once was at about 437.5-547.5 cm and the relatively shallow SMI depth suggested high upward methane fluxes. This was in good agreement with the results obtained from pore water sulfate gradients and core head-space methane concentrations in sediment cores collected in the area. All available evidence suggested that methane gas hydrate formation may exist or may have existed in the underlying sediments.     

功能组分改性对催化剂降低汽油硫含量性能的影响

通过采用不同功能组分对分子筛进行改性,并采用红外光谱、微反活性评定装置和小型固定流化床评价方法,对样品进行表征、评价.结果表明,功能组分改变了分子筛的酸性分布及其水热稳定性,铜、钒、锌三种金属元素改性分子筛的L酸酸性,钒的最弱,其次为锌,铜的最强;钒的引入使分子筛的晶体结构破坏严重,锌对分子筛的破坏相对缓和;含硫化合物裂化要求催化剂应具有弱L酸活性中心,而过多的强L酸容易引起结焦;与对比剂相比,本研究催化剂使催化裂化汽油硫含量降低22%左右,同时裂化产品选择性好.