SO3光解反应的热力学机制

SO3光解反应的反应式为2SO3＋hν（λ1）2SO2＋O2＋hν（λ2）,因而SO3的转化率α与温度T,波长λ1和λ2有关.利用公式△rG0m＋RTInK0p=0.1196λ1-0.1196λ2计算了当T=318K,λ1=211nm,α=35%时,λ2=277.8nm,这一波长正好位于SO2的吸收峰,从而解释了为什么在318K时SO3的转化率为35%.     

K,Na比对KNNT陶瓷性能的影响

采用传统固相反应法制备了（KxNa1-x）（Nb0.7Ta0.3）O3 （KNNT）系列无铅压电陶瓷. 通过XRD和SEM分析方法研究了样品的结构, 晶格常数变化和微观形貌. 研究发现晶格常数在x = 0.40附近发生了不连续性变化, 微观结构随K含量的增多表现出微小的差异, 压电常数d33,平面机电耦合系数kp在x = 0.40-0.55较宽范围内发生了较小的变化. K含量为0.40时获得了压电性能最优的KNNT陶瓷, d33达到204 pC/N, 机电耦合系数kp为46%, kt为44%.     

超稠油催化改质降粘研究

以春晖超稠油为原料,采用自制催化剂于高温高压反应釜中,模拟研究了稠油在开采过程中全温度段50~250℃下的催化水热裂解降黏反应;考察了反应温度、催化剂、供氢剂对稠油降黏率的影响,得到最佳工艺条件:反应温度为200℃,油水比为7∶3,反应时间为24 h,供氢剂为十氢萘,50℃的降黏率为98%。应用柱层析法对反应前后稠油的族组成进行了测定;并用红外光谱探索稠油反应前后胶质和沥青质的结构变化。反应后重质组分如胶质、沥青质含量明显减少,轻组分饱和分、芳香分组分显著增多;反应前后胶质和沥青质结构中部分烷烃支链断裂发生加氢反应。     

基于实验的原油氧化速率分析及应用

火烧油层作为一种利用燃烧重质组分加热地层以达到原油驱替的热力采油技术,热效率高且驱油效果明显,受到越来越多的关注。但目前火驱成功应用并不广泛,主要在于缺乏对火驱不同氧化阶段原油氧化速率认识,难以形成较为合理的注气速度,通过静态反应釜实验,测量低温阶段的压力随时间变化,进一步利用压降法计算出低温氧化反应速率,同时通过燃烧管实验,测量高温阶段反应前后的氧气含量的变化,根据气体状态方程得到高温氧化反应速率,并根据不同阶段的反应速率,结合火驱现场实际给出合理的注气速度,为后续火驱方案设计提供借鉴和指导。     

High-pressure synthesis and properties of CeO2-ZrO2 solid solution

Using nanoparticles of CeO₂ and ZrO₂ prepared by the chemical precipitation method as starting materials, the singlephase cubic Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ solid solution (cCe_0.5Zr_0.5O₂) has been synthesized under 3.1 GPa at 1073 K for the first time. The structure of the c-Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ has not been changed before and after annealing at 773 K for 1 h. Only an unknown EPR signal (g =1.990) has been observed in the c-Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ and not varied after annealing at 773 K for 1 h, which exhibited that there exists no Ce³⁺ in the c-Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ and the Ce⁴⁺ has not been reduced into Ce³⁺ after annealing. The transport mechanism is ionic for the c-Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂. The bulk conductivity (σ =1.2 ×10⁻⁵ S/cm at 823 K, σ=2.1 × 10⁻³ S/cm at 1123 K) is the same as that of CeO₂, but smaller than that of Y₂O₃-stabilized ZrO₂. A marked curvature at T = 823 K has been observed in the Arrhenius plot of the bulk conductivity. The activation energy below 823 K is lower than that above 823 K, and the reason has been discussed.     

Neutron halo state of13C

Angular distributions for the ¹²C(d, p) ¹³C transfer reactions have been measured at Ed = 11.8 MeV, and compared with those of the DWBA calculations. By means of this comparison, density distributions of the last neutron in the ground state and the first 1/2⁺ state of ¹³Care extracted. The properties of these states in 13C have also been studied in the framework of the nonlinear relativistic mean-field theory with NL-SH parameters. It is found that the first 1/2⁺ state in ¹³C is a neutron halo state shown by both the experimental and theoretical density distributions of the last neutron.     

Microtextural characterization of as-cast and hot press-deformed TiN whiskers in TiNw-AINp/Al composite

The local distribution of preferred orientation and misorientation in TiN whiskers in TiNw-AINp/A1 composite system is investigated using backscattering electron diffraction combined with a scanning electron microscope. These preliminary results demonstrate the utility of this new automated technique for characterizing local textures in composite materials using backscattering electron diffraction. The composite investigated comprises TiN whiskers in a polycrystalline aluminum matrix. The local textures of samples before and after deformation were measured. The misorientation distributions show a breakdown of the monocrystal of TiN whisker in the deformed composite material relative to the starting material and an increase in small angle misorientations.     

载体自转晶B-Al-MFI型沸石膜的原位合成与表征

在乙胺和水混合蒸汽相中 ,首次通过载体自转晶 ,在多孔玻璃片表面原位合成了B Al MFI型沸石膜 FEAM分析表明 ,沸石膜的化学组成为w(B2 O3 ) =3.7% ,w(Al2 O3 ) =0 .5 5 % ,w(SiO2 ) =95 .2 5 % ,w(Na2 O) =0 .5 0 % X 射线衍射和扫描电镜观察证明 ,膜中沸石晶体的取向是随机的 晶体尺寸约为 15～ 2 5 μm ,单层晶体厚的膜约为 10～ 2 0 μm 在焙烧除去有机模板剂后的沸石膜上 ,O2 和N2 的透过性分别为 0 .0 95× 10 -8和0 .15× 10 -8mol/ (m2 ·s·Pa) 计算的O2 /N2 的理想选择性 (0 .6 3)明显低于诺森扩散的理想选择性值 (0 .94)和透过原载体的理想选择性值 (0 .91)     

用CHCl_3萃取Cu(Ⅱ)—铜试剂螯合物酸度条件的讨论

讨论了以CHCl3 萃取Cu(Ⅱ )—铜试剂 (DDTC)螯合物体系中 ,应控制的酸度首先对影响萃取平衡的副反应 (如缓冲剂和掩蔽剂的配位反应等 )进行了考虑 ,并引入副反应系数 ,列表计算出了相应的α值 ,且在此基础上计算出了萃取应控制的pH范围 ,结果与实验确定的实验条件一致 .     

超临界流体(SCF)中化学反应的研究与应用

阐述了超临界流体的概念 ,说明了反应物在超临界流体介质中的性质以及有利于化学反应进行的原因 ;并对目前国内外以超临界流体为介质的化学反应研究及应用情况进行了综述