新鲜铁表面锈蚀过程的拉曼光谱研究

实验采用共焦显微拉曼光谱技术测量水体系中的纯铁电极表面,获得了铁电极表面在激光照射下生成的氧化铁物种随时间而变的拉曼光谱,得到了铁电极表面在拉曼光谱测量中生成的锈蚀产物的结构变化过程。     

SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2-SiO_2 超强酸催化剂研究 (Ⅱ )——结构表征(英文)

采用FTIR ,XRD ,XPS和TG_DTA等表征了一组具有不同组成的由沉淀 -混合沉淀法制得的SO2 - 4/ZrO2 _SiO2 超强酸催化剂 .由实验结果可知 ,催化剂的超强酸点可能是由于SO2 - 4基团与二元氧化物中的锆相互作用而产生的 .与SO2 - 4/ZrO2 催化剂不同的是 ,即使在 6 5 0℃以上温度下焙烧的SO2 - 4/ZrO2 _SiO2 催化剂也是无定型的 .80 0℃以上焙烧前体二元氧化物时 ,按照锆硅比的不同将出现两种不同的情况 ,硅锆比小于 8时 ,其XRD谱图上出现属于四方晶型的二氧化锆的衍射峰 ;而当硅锆比大于 8时 ,XRD谱图显示产生了一种新型的结晶体 .研究结果表明 ,SO2 - 4基团与二元氧化物中Zr原子作用形成了酸性中心 .     

含硫天然气再燃还原NO的化学动力学研究

为实现含硫天然气在锅炉燃烧及其氮氧化物减排中的应用。从化学反应动力学角度,采用软件CHEMKIN-PRO和Leeds综合机理探究了CH₄/H₂S浓度、过量空气系数和停留时间对含硫天然气还原NO的影响规律。结果表明：随着CH₄浓度的增加,NO的还原率升高;但达到一定数值后,CH₄浓度不再是影响NO还原率的主导因素。H₂S浓度增加有利于降低CH₄还原NO的温度,但对NO还原有一定的削弱作用。存在最佳的过量空气系数使CH₄/H₂S还原NO效率最高,NO还原效率曲线呈单峰分布。本文能够为含硫天然气再燃还原氮氧化物的工业应用提供一定的参考。     

Preparation of metal oxide doped ACNFs and their adsorption performance for low concentration SO2

Metal oxide （TiO2 or Co304） doped activated carbon nanofibers （ACNFs） were prepared by electrospinning. These nanofibers were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and Brunner- Emmett-Teller method （BET）. The results show that the average diameters of ACNFs were within the range of 200-500 nm, and the lengths were several tens of micrometers. The specific surface areas were 1146.7 m2/g for TiO2-doped ACNFs and 1238.5 m2/g for Co304-doped ACNFs, respectively. The electrospun nanofibers were used for adsorption of low concentration sulfur dioxide （SO2）. The results showed that the adsorption rates of these ACNFs increased with an increase in SO2concentration. When the SO2 concentration was 1.0 μg/mL, the adsorption rates of TiO2-doped ACNFs and Co3Oa-doped ACNFs were 66.2% and 67.1%, respectively. The adsorption rate also increased as the adsorption time increased. When the adsorption time was 40 min, the adsorption rates were 67.6% and 69.0% for TiO2-doped ACNFs and Co304-doped ACNFs, respectively. The adsorption rate decreased as the adsorption temperature increased below 60℃, while it increased as the adsorption temperature increased to more than 60℃.     

Understanding supercapacitors based on nano-hybrid materials with interfacial conjugation

The recent fast development of supercapacitors,also known scientifically as electrochemical capacitors,has benefited significantly from synthesis,characterisations and electrochemistry of nanomaterials.Herein,the principle of supercapacitors is explained in terms of performance characteristics and charge storage mechanisms,i.e.double layer(or interfacial) capacitance and pseudo-capacitance.The semiconductor band model is applied to qualitatively account for the pseudo-capacitance in association with rectangular cyclic voltammograms(CVs) and linear galvanostatic charging and discharging plots(GCDs),aiming to differentiate supercapacitors from rechargeable batteries.The invalidity of using peak shaped CVs and non-linear GCDs for capacitance measurement is highlighted.A selective review is given to the nano-hybrid materials between carbon nanotubes and redox active materials such as electronically conducting polymers and transition metal oxides.A new concept,"interfacial conjugation",is introduced to reflect the capacitance enhancement resulting from π-π stacking interactions at the interface between two materials with highly conjugated chemical bonds.The prospects of carbon nanotubes and graphenes for supercapacitor applications are briefly compared and discussed.Hopefully,this article can help readers to understand supercapacitors and nano-hybrid materials so that further developments in materials design and synthesis,and device engineering can be more efficient and objective.     

废旧锌锰电池在印染废水处理中的应用

分别以废旧电池中回收的锰氧化物和MnO2为处理剂,对活性艳蓝模拟的染料废水进行了脱色实验。实验结果表明,初始的pH是影响脱色效率的主导因素,当pH=2,投加量为85 mg/L,反应时间t=33 min时,分别通过两个处理剂处理后废水的脱色率都在70%以上,而且通过30 min反应后的紫外扫描发现,锰氧化物更有利于染料废水的脱色,为废旧电池资源化利用提供了新途径。     

氮氧化物与取代之酰苯胺的作用研究

介绍了用二恶烷吸收氮氧化物（主要是二氧化氮）得二恶烷与氮氧化物的加合物，然后用这种加合物在二恶烷体系中与取代乙酰苯胺类化合物作用可方便地得到一系列的芳香族重氮盐晶体，并经过元素分析，红外光谱和核磁共振谱对其进行了表征。     

Novel Silver-Copper Mixed Oxides:A Success of Soft-Chemistry Methods

1 Results The discovery of thefamily of mercury cupratesinthe eighties ,which present the highest Curie Temper-ature (Tc) among all known High Temperature Super-Conductors (HTSC) ,triggered     

氧化物酸碱性的模糊聚类分析

选用氧化物中非氧原子的电荷半径比、电负性等影响酸碱性的参数,运用模糊聚类分析方法对氧化物进行了分类,MATLAB的编程分析表明其分类结果符合实验结果。     

Fe/Al_2O_3 催化剂的 Mssbauer 谱

采用Ｘ光粉末衍射分析（ＸＲＤ）、穆斯堡尔谱（Ｍｓｂａｕｅｒ）等光谱技术，研究了不同还原条件下铁单元与Ａｌ２Ｏ３载体的相互作用，发现在还原过程中，由于这种强的相互作用而在铁单元与Ａｌ２Ｏ３载体的界面上形成一种新的较为稳定的ＦｅＡｌ２Ｏ４相，致使铁单元即使在非常苛刻的条件下也难以完全还原到零价态，从而给出低的催化活性．