条子河中多环芳烃和有机氯农药的时空分布及来源解析

以辽河支流条子河中的多环芳烃（PAHs）和有机氯农药（OCPs）为目标物, 分别于春汛期、 丰水期、 平水期和枯水期采集水样及表层沉积物样品, 分析样品中PAHs和OCPs的赋存状态及污染物在该区域的分布和来源. 结果表明： 条子河水中总PAHs的质量浓度为658.1~3 096.6 ng/L, 均值（算术平均值, 下同）为
1 522.1 ng/L; 沉积物中总PAHs的质量比为775.7~2 835.4 ng/g, 均值为1 374.0 ng/g; 条子河水中总α,β,γ HCHs（六六六）的质量浓度为5.36~16.57 ng/L, 均值为10.93 ng/L; 滴滴涕（DDTs)未检出; 沉积物中总HCHs的质量比为2.87~5.56 ng/g, 均值为4.34 ng/g; 条子河水和沉积物中PAHs的含量均为自上游至下游递减, 且枯水期>平水期>春汛期>丰水期; 条子河水中HCHs的质量浓度自上游至下游递增, 且丰水期>春汛期>平水期>枯水期, 沉积物中HCHs的质量比自上游至下游递减, 且枯水期>平水期>春汛期>丰水期; 条子河中的PAHs主要来源于煤炭燃烧和交通燃烧, HCHs主要来源于农药林丹的使用.     

沙苑子对运动性疲劳大鼠血清BCAA、AAA的影响

分析中药沙苑子对运动性疲劳模型大鼠血清支链氨基酸(branched-chain amino acid,BCAA)及芳香族氨基酸(aromatic amino acid,AAA)的影响,为沙苑子作为运动保健品的开发利用提供实验依据.选用SD(Sprague Dawley,SD)雄性大鼠24只,体重190~230 g,随机分为安静对照组、一般训练组、强化训练组、强化加药组(各6只),进行7周递增负荷跑台运动建立运动性疲劳大鼠模型,于第8周始运动即刻后取材,运用氨基酸自动分析仪测定大鼠血清游离氨基酸含量.结果表明,长时间耐力跑台运动应激使大鼠血清BCAA含量有所下降,AAA尤其是游离色氨酸(free-tryptophan,f-Trp)含量上升,沙苑子可抑制BCAA下降、AAA上升趋势;长时间耐力跑台运动使实验大鼠血清f-Trp/BCAA、AAA/BCAA显著增加,运动过程中血中蛋白质代谢增强,BCAA大量分解供能,AAA相对增多,从而使f-Trp/BCAA、AAA/BCAA增高.沙苑子可以抑制f-Trp/BCAA、AAA/BCAA上升,且对强化训练引起的f-Trp/BCAA、AAA/BCAA升高有显著的降低作用.沙...     

Identification of petroleum aromatic fraction by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) is com-mercially available in the 1990s, with the characteristics of large peak capacity, high resolution, high sensitivity, etc. However, its application to the petroleum and geological analyses is just emerging in China and overseas. In this research, the analytical method for petroleum aromatic fraction using GC×GC-TOFMS is set up, via the choice of the column system and optimization of setting parameters, such as temperature programming, modulation time, hot pulse time, flow rate of carrier gas, data acquisition rate and data processing. The results indicate that different polar compounds of aromatic fraction distribute as bands on structured GC×GC chromatogram. Within each band, homologous compounds appear as a roof-tile structure based on the number of substituent residues. The aromatic compounds are identified and characterized according to the GC×GC chromatogram and mass spectra. According to the polarity and the number of rings, aromatic compounds are spatially present on one chromatogram, which directly reflects the distribution characteristics of complex compounds of aromatic hydrocarbons. In addition, quantitative analysis is favored as some overlapped peaks on traditional GC-MS chromatogram have been separated completely on GC×GC. Some heterocyclic atom aromatic compounds at trace level can be clearly identified using this method, for polarity differences from other interfered aromatic compounds. The development of this method and chromatogram recognition offer petroleum geologists a practical example for the application performance of GC×GC-TOFMS.     

短叶决明石油醚部位的化学成分分析

通过硅胶柱层析从短叶决明(Cassia leschenaultiana DC.)药材的石油醚部位分离得到19个油状流分,采用气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用分析技术(GC-MS-DS)分别对它们的化学成分进行分析和鉴定。结果检出39个成分,确认了其中的28个成分。这些成分主要为脂肪烃成分,均为首次在该植物中分离鉴定。     

武汉市典型区域总悬浮颗粒物中多环芳烃源解析及其健康风险评估

选择武汉市经济技术开发区(1#)和江岸区后湖(2#)两个典型区域,分析了大气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的浓度特征,通过特征比值法进行了源解析,并以致癌、致突变等效浓度、终身致癌超额危险度和预期寿命损失三个不同层次的指标进行了健康风险评估。结果表明:两个监测点TSP中PAHs浓度均远高于环境质量标准,不同环数的PAHs分配比例均为5~6环4环2~3环;污染物源解析表明两个监测点的PAHs主要来源包括石油燃烧和机动车尾气排放,其中机动车排放偏重于柴油型。PAHs的健康风险评估结果表明两个监测点的PAHs总致癌等效浓度(TEQ)值和总致突变等效浓度(MEQ)值都较高,且PAHs终身致癌超额危险度均超出最大可接受范围,同时预期寿命损失成人高于儿童;进一步比较发现,1#监测点的Ba P平均浓度、TEQ、MEQ、终身致癌超额危险度以及预期寿命损失均高于2#监测点,且近几年武汉市大气颗粒物中PAHs污染水平呈上升趋势。     

超声辐射水溶液中取代芳醛、芳酮缩氨基硫脲的合成

目的利用超声技术和水相体系相结合的绿色合成法优化缩氨基硫脲的合成条件,扩展超声技术在有机合成中的应用范围。方法在超声辐射下水溶液中以取代芳香醛、芳香酮和氨基硫脲为原料探索合成缩氨基硫脲的最佳条件（P=250 W,t=8～15 min）。结果合成了12种取代芳醛、芳酮缩氨基硫脲化合物,部分产物经元素分析、IR、1HNMR表征了其结构。结论该方法操作简便、反应条件温和、反应时间短、环境友好。     

处理含多环芳烃植物油的吸附剂筛选及其性能评价

为循环利用植物油淋洗修复多环芳烃污染土壤,应用吸附过程去除植物油中的多环芳烃.对10种吸附剂进行吸附柱和批处理筛选实验,评价了这些吸附剂的物理化学性质,从中筛选出最适合的吸附剂.动态吸附柱筛选实验表明,植物油中的多环芳烃在活性炭F400及F300上的吸附量最高,分别为55.39μg.g-1和23.82μg.g-1,说明吸附剂的粒径对吸附效果有重要影响,而多环芳烃在其他几种吸附剂上几乎没有吸附.批处理筛选实验表明,多环芳烃在两种活性炭上的吸附量仍然最多,分别为211.85μg.g-1和203.79μg.g-1.     

N-芳基二茂铁磺酰胺的合成及表征

为了制备具有生物活性的二茂铁衍生物,并和相应的苯系化合物比较,使二茂铁碘酰甩与芳香胺反应,合成了９个二茂铁磺酰胺,产率为５３．５％￣７９．１％,研究了芳香胺取代基对产率的影响。通过元素分析、红外光谱和＾１ＨＮＭＲ对产物进行了表征。     

N-[(N'-取代嘧啶-2-基)-乙酰脲基]邻磺酰苯甲酰亚胺衍生物的合成与生物活性测定

运用“亚结构连接法”设计合成了 1 0种具有新型分子结构的标题化合物 ,它们的结构经IR,1 H NMR和元素分析测试而确定 .初步生物活性测试结果表明 ,大部分目标化合物具有较好的除草活性 ,主要抑制双子叶植物 (如油菜 )的生长 ,而对单子叶植物 (如水稻 )的生长无明显影响 ,具有较好的选择性 .     

Electrochemical-voltammetry behavior of several aromatic aldehydes in acid solution

The electrochemical-voltammetry behavior of vanillin, heliotropin, anisaldehyde on the surface of Pt, Au electrodes in acid solution has been studied by means of the electrochemical cyclic voltammetry method. It was found that the electrochemical processes of them are irreversible on both Pt and Au electrodes. The electrochemical activity of vanillin is stronger than heliotropin's and heliotropin's is stronger than anisaldehyde's on Pt electrode. While the electrochemical activity of anisaldehyde is stronger than heliotropin's and vanillin's is the weakest on Au. The results indicate that when they are used as additives for electroplating, they must be consumptive, and it will improve the leveling ability of plating solution and brightness of the deposition layer. Biography: Zhou Xiao-rong (1977-), female, Ph.D candidate, research direction: electrochemistry.