一种基于标记点的近景摄影测量系统

给出了一种基于标记点的鲁棒三维重建摄影测量系统;采用编码点和非编码点等标记点方式.为了减少不同图像间误匹配的概率,采用一种新的基于编码点的匹配方法,不同图像间非编码点的匹配从编码点开始,并通过相似性准则、模糊度准则和距离误差准则来剔除误匹配,可获得非常高的正确匹配率.采用一种新的基于标记点的加权迭代特征算法,用编码点恢复相机的投影矩阵,从而可以确定相机的外部姿态参数;用非编码点恢复3D坐标.与已有的加权迭代特征算法比较,该算法避免了所有点参与计算相机的投影矩阵,运算速度更快.由于采用标记点的亚像素定位方法,提高了3D重建精度.实验结果表明,在3D重建方面,该系统是强壮和精确的.     

动态滤波反投影图像重建算法研究

图像重建算法是过程层析成像(Process Tomography,PT)中的关键技术之一.本文提出了一种动态滤波反投影算法(Active Filter Linear Back Projection,AFLBP),并进行了实验仿真.结果表明,采用AFLBP对ECT系统中图像进行重建,可使系统在保持快速成像的同时,较好地解决了敏感场的非均匀分布和固定灰度阈值造成的成像精度问题,大大提高了系统的成像精度.     

基于计算机视觉技术的微钻刃面自动光学检测

为了实现微钻刃面尺寸和缺陷的自动光学检测,建立了影像检测系统并研究其图像处理算法.根据微钻刃面的特征,设计了专用的照明系统来获取清晰的、变形小的微钻刃面图像.采用改进的小核值相似区边缘提取算法对图像进行边缘提取,并对所提取的边缘采用基于空间矩的亚像素算法进行图像边缘的亚像素定位,然后采用直线和圆弧拟合等一系列算法对微钻刃面图像进行尺寸计算和缺陷检测.实验结果表明:自动光学检测方法的准确率达到了99.5%,微钻的检出精度达到了微米级,说明该方法能够满足微钻刃面尺寸测量和缺陷检测的要求.     

解高维热传导方程的一个新的高精度显格式

对4维热传导方程构造了一个高精度显式差分格式,格式的稳定性条件为r=Δt/Δx2≤5/176,截断误差阶达到O(Δt2+Δx4).     

基于非均匀B样条曲面的DTM内插模型

对非均匀B样条曲面在数字地面模型(DTM)内插中的应用进行了研究,首先探讨了非均匀B样条曲面基本理论及其最小二乘解法,然后提出了基于非均匀B样条曲面的DTM内插算法,最后利用提出的B样条算法与目前一些常用的内插算法,对数学曲面与实际地形进行了试验和比较.试验结果表明B样条算法具有良好的精度和稳定性,能较好地改善在构建DTM时常出现的“梯田”现象.     

基于成像算子优化的微震逆时定位方法

针对目前微震逆时定位成像存在的问题,提出一种优化后的成像算子,对模型数据进行抗噪性、误差速度以及检波器分布和数量进行测试,并提出采用峰度值作为定位成像结果的评价标准.结果表明,优化后的成像条件在定位能量聚焦程度和成像分辨率上都得到了提升,对含速度误差和含噪微震数据都有较好的成像结果,并且对检波器的分布和数量有较好的适应...     

测量误差与天文定位误差

论述了基于最优估计理论的天文定位方法中天体高度测量精度与定位精度的关系．理论分析和实验表明,即使高度测量精度较差时,仍可获得满意的定位结果．     

基于数据挖掘的入侵检测技术精确度研究

入侵检测系统一直以来都是多层安全体系架构不可或缺的一部分,与传统的防御解决方案相比,基于数据挖掘的入侵检测有着较高的精确度,并能有效地识别未知的入侵模式.然而,伪肯定率的存在也一直影响着基于数据挖掘的入侵检测系统的深入研究.笔者分析影响入侵检测精确度的因素,提出了一种基于数据挖掘的有效提高精确度和降低伪肯定率的入侵检测方法.     

Intermittent demand forecasting in the Enterprise: Empirical verification

Forecasting methods are often valued by means of simulation studies. For intermittent demand items there are often very few non–zero observations, so it is hard to check any assumptions, because statistical information is often too weak to determine, for example, distribution of a variable. Therefore, it seems important to verify the forecasting methods on the basis of real data. The main aim of the article is an empirical verification of several forecasting methods applicable in case of intermittent demand. Some items are sold only in specific subperiods (in given month in each year, for example), but most forecasting methods (such as Croston's method) give non–zero forecasts for all periods. For example, summer work clothes should have non–zero forecasts only for summer months and many methods will usually provide non–zero forecasts for all months under consideration. This was the motivation for proposing and testing a new forecasting technique which can be applicable to seasonal items. In the article six methods were applied to construct separate forecasting systems: Croston's, SBA (Syntetos–Boylan Approximation), TSB (Teunter, Syntetos, Babai), MA (Moving Average), SES (Simple Exponential Smoothing) and SESAP (Simple Exponential Smoothing for Analogous subPeriods). The latter method (SESAP) is an author's proposal dedicated for companies facing the problem of seasonal items. By analogous subperiods the same subperiods in each year are understood, for example, the same months in each year. A data set from the real company was used to apply all the above forecasting procedures. That data set contained monthly time series for about nine thousand products. The forecasts accuracy was tested by means of both parametric and non–parametric measures. The scaled mean and the scaled root mean squared error were used to check biasedness and efficiency. Also, the mean absolute scaled error and the shares of best forecasts were estimated. The general conclusion is that in the analyzed company a forecasting system should be based on two forecasting methods: TSB and SESAP, but the latter method should be applied only to seasonal items (products sold only in specific subperiods). It also turned out that Croston's and SBA methods work worse than much simpler methods, such as SES or MA. The presented analysis might be helpful for enterprises facing the problem of forecasting intermittent items (and seasonal intermittent items as well).     

Enhancing survey‐based investment forecasts

We investigate the accuracy of capital investment predictors from a national business survey of South African manufacturing. Based on data available to correspondents at the time of survey completion, we propose variables that might inform the confidence that can be attached to their predictions. Having calibrated the survey predictors' directional accuracy, we model the probability of a correct directional prediction using logistic regression with the proposed variables. For point forecasting, we compare the accuracy of rescaled survey forecasts with time series benchmarks and some survey/time series hybrid models. In addition, using the same set of variables, we model the magnitude of survey prediction errors. Directional forecast tests showed that three out of four survey predictors have value but are biased and inefficient. For shorter horizons we found that survey forecasts, enhanced by time series data, significantly improved point forecasting accuracy. For longer horizons the survey predictors were at least as accurate as alternatives. The usefulness of the more accurate of the predictors examined is enhanced by auxiliary information, namely the probability of directional accuracy and the estimated error magnitude.