高砷含锡烟尘直流矿热炉挥发的工艺

采用直流矿热炉挥发工艺对高砷含锡烟尘除砷的工艺进行研究,考察系统压力、焦炭添加量、(NH4)2SO4添加量、冷凝区域温度及渣型对工艺的影响,用XRD和SEM(EDS)等方法对样品和渣的微观结构进行分析.研究结果表明:在最佳条件下,当渣的酸碱度为0.8～1.3,渣液温度为1 450～1 478 K,系统负压为-5～0 Pa,焦炭添加量为1.0％～5.0％(质量分数),(NH4)2SO4添加量为0～5.0％,冷凝区域温度为473 K以下时,最佳脱砷率可达93.3％～95.0％,产品的最佳品级可提高至99.2％,而锡含量仅为0.027％.弱酸偏碱性渣的黏度低,流动性较好,经放渣、冷却、残余砷的二次挥发后,渣含砷降低至0.79％,而有价金属锡富集至21.37％,该金属锡的回收率达90.0％以上.     

综放工作面粉尘运动的数值模拟及试验研究

运用气固两相流动理论建立了粉尘颗粒的离散型数学模型,采用Fluent软件,对成庄矿3309综放工作面的粉尘运动分布规律进行了数值模拟和实测.结果表明:利用数值模拟方法可以得到粉尘颗粒的运动分布特征,工作面割煤、移架、放顶煤各工序过程粉尘的浓度分布规律不同,粉尘浓度出现最大值的位置不同,难以沉降的呼吸性粉尘的分布区域也不同;经对比实测数据与模拟结果较为一致.研究结果可以为现场防尘技术措施提供理论性指导.     

Magnetic properties of street dust and topsoil in Beijing and its environmental implications

Environmental magnetic measurements were carried out on the sanrhples of street dust and topsoil, which were collected along the roadway in the urban and suburb of Beijing, including magnetic susceptibility （X）, anhysteretic remanent magnetization （ARM）, isothermal remanent magnetization （IRM） of all samples and temperature-dependence of magnetic susceptibilities and magnetic hysteresis parameters of representative samples. Obvious differences exist between the samples of street dust and those of topsoil. Compared with topsoil samples, the concentration of magnetic particles and high-coercivity components in street dust samples are higher, and the magnetic grains are coarser. Both dust and topsoil samples are dominated by ferrimagnetic minerals, and iron particles are only detected in some dust samples. These results suggest that street dust samples reflect the characteris- tic of particles produced by industrial and traffic activities, and the magnetic property of topsoil sam- ples represents the characteristic of particles from both anthropogenic and natural sources. The distribution of magnetic parameters is influenced by the environment where the samples are collected, like industry, traffic density and other road conditions. Hard isothermal remanent magnetization （HIRM） may be used as an indicator of particles produced by traffic activity. Dust storm samples collected on 17 and 18 April, 2006 have different magnetic properties from street dust and natural particles, like loess and paleosol, which indicate that the dust storm might be mixed with anthropogenic particulates during transport and falling.     

复合式电旋风除尘器的模化理论与冷态实验研究

介绍了复合式电旋风除尘器特征结构和基本原理.根据含尘气流在电旋风除尘器中的受力情况,推导出其冷态模化的主要相似准则,提出静电离心分离相似准则Sel,明确了该种除尘器的近似模化条件.利用大量影响除尘性能的实验数据,通过多元线性回归分析方法,得出了复合式电旋风除尘器除尘总效率和总阻力系数的计算式.     

U-Pb ages of zircon grains reveal a proximal dust source of the Xiashu loess,Lower Yangtze River region,China

Deciphering the eolian sources is critical to understand the paleo-significance of the Quaternary eolian deposits （the Xiashu loess） in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Both a local source from the fluvial sediments of the Yangtze River and a distal source from the northern deserts similar to that of the loess on the Chinese Loess Plateau （CLP） have been proposed. Recent researches show great advantages of detrital zircon ages as a source tracer for Asian dust based on the laser ablation U-Pb isotopic dating technique. This work presents the U-Pb ages of zircon grains extracted from the Xiashu loess. The results indicate that the Xiashu loess has a very different age distribution of zircon grains from that of the loess on the CLP as well as the materials in the arid lands of the Asian Interior. Instead, the zircon ages of the Xiashu loess are indistinguishable from the fluvial sediments of the Yangtze River, indicating the dominance of proximal dust source. Proximal source of the Xiashu loess implies that extensive eolian processes might have existed in the currently wet South China, possibly in response to the full glacial conditions after the middle Pleistocene transition of global climate.     

物理凝聚力和化学凝聚力在粉尘控制中的作用

粉尘颗粒间的物理凝聚力和化学凝聚力是促使粉尘凝聚的主作用力,用物理的方法增大颗粒粒径可以达到降尘的目的,同样,用化学方法增大颗粒间的凝聚力也可实现降尘。通过对粉尘颗粒间物理凝聚力和化学凝聚力作用比较分析,可以得到采用化学方法比物理方法降尘效果会更加明显。     

双侧分支结构管道内粉尘爆炸传播规律

为探究粉尘爆炸在工业除尘管网中的传播规律,基于1m³粉尘爆炸测试系统和自主设计的双侧分支结构管道,对双侧分支结构管道内玉米淀粉爆炸火焰传播速度和超压峰值的变化规律展开研究.实验结果表明:三种粉尘质量浓度下,火焰在主管道内的传播速度随传播距离增加均呈持续上升趋势,双侧分支结构对火焰传播具有弱化作用,且距离点火端越近,弱化作用越显著;双侧分支结构的安装位置会影响管道内超压峰值,其在距离点火端较近时呈持续衰减趋势,距离点火端较远时呈先快速下降后上升再缓慢衰减趋势.以上研究为除尘系统的防爆设计提供参考和依据.     

煤粉孔隙率对四角切圆燃煤锅炉飞灰含碳量及结焦特性的影响

研究煤粉颗粒孔隙率对1 000 MW机组燃煤锅炉飞灰含碳量及结焦特性的影响。选定了25℃、75℃、110℃这三个干燥温度对煤粉进行干燥,测试了煤粉颗粒的水分和孔隙率。采用测试得出的孔隙率范围,利用FLUENT软件对该台四角切圆燃煤锅炉炉内燃烧进行了三维稳态数值模拟,其中,模拟焦炭的燃烧采用了intrinsic模型。研究结果表明:(1)煤粉颗粒的孔隙率、比表面积和孔径都随着煤粉加热温度的升高而增大;(2)煤粉颗粒孔隙率越大,炉膛火焰中心位置越低,燃尽风区域的温度也越低;(3)煤粉颗粒孔隙率越大,煤粉颗粒的碰壁率和炉膛出口的飞灰含碳量都会越小;(4)煤粉颗粒孔隙率越大,水冷壁越不易结焦。研究结果为燃煤锅炉运行实践、设计以及改造提供了依据。     

堆积状态下木粉最低着火温度的实验研究

为了评价堆积状态下木粉的危险性,利用粉尘层最低着火温度测试装置,研究加热板温度,以及堆积厚度对木粉尘层最低着火温度的影响。测试结果表明:热表面作用下,加热板温度越高木粉层越容易发生燃烧,得到堆积厚度为15 mm时的木粉最低着火温度为290℃。木粉尘层最低着火温度随堆积厚度的增大而降低,当金属环高度≥15 mm时,木粉尘层最低着火温度保持不变。     

南京市各功能区近地灰尘重金属污染及其潜在生态风险评价*

以南京市中东部不同功能区近地灰尘为研究对象,通过XRF光谱仪测定其重金属含量。分析结果表明:南京市不同功能区近地灰尘中Pb、Cu、Zn、Mn、Cr、Ni、As的平均含量均高于环境背景值,Pb、Cu、Zn的积累量大,Cr、Ni、As的累积量相对较小,Mn、Co与环境背景值接近。地累积指数评价结果显示,南京市不同功能区近地灰尘中Zn污染较重,为中度污染,商业功能区达到偏重污染,Pb、Cu为偏中污染,Cr、Ni、As为轻微污染,Mn、Co无污染。潜在生态风险指数评价结果表明,单个重金属元素的潜在生态风险风险情况为CuPbAsZnNiCoCrMn;多种重金属综合潜在生态风险指数除了在风景区处于轻微生态危害水平外,其他各功能区的潜在生态风险指数均达到了中等生态危害;造成不同功能区重金属含量和污染程度差异的主要原因是区域内的交通运输情况,同时也与功能区内自身的建设情况和功能区定位、以及与功能区内的绿化建设情况有关。