非晶态Te_（81）Ge_（15）Sb_4薄膜材料的电学性能

对用熔体淬火再真空蒸发所制备的非晶态Ｔｅ＿（８ｌ）Ｇｅ＿（１５）Ｓｂ＿４薄膜的伏－安特性，直流电导率及玻璃转变温度等性能进行了研究。结果表明，这种材料具有较好的开关效应及较高的热稳定性，可用作开关器件等。     

Internal interactions within the human circadian system: the masking effect

Summary In the realm of human circadian rhythms, the masking effect is defined as the change in the course of deep body temperature induced by changes in the degree of physical activity, or by the alteration between sleep and wake. This effect is particularly obvious during internal desynchronization where the rhythms of deep body temperature, and the sleep-wake sleep-wake sleep cycle — i.e. one of the masking factors — run with different periods.Every sleep onset is accompanied by a rapid drop, and wake onset by a rapid rise in deep body temperature, each one with an overshoot of about 50% of the steady state variations. When rhythms are calculated, with the dominant temperature period as the screening period, exclusively from data obtained during sleep episodes, on the one hand, and from those obtained exclusively during wake, on the other, two average cycles emerge: the sleep temperature curve and the wake temperature curve. Both run in parallel but are separated by the masking effcct. As derived from many experiments, the mean masking effect amounts to 0.28±0.06°C. The masking effect also depends to some extent on the phase of the temperature rhtthm; it is larger than average around the temperature maximum and during the descending phase of the temperature cycle, where the alertness commonly is highest and the probability to sleep, in general, and the REM sleep propensity, in particular, are smaller than average. This also can be interpreted to indicate that the sleep temperature curve is phase advanced relative to the wake temperature curve; this, on the average, by 0.9±0.3 h.If the individually determined amount of masking is added to the temperature data obtained during sleep, or substracted from the temperature data obtained during wake, a temperature curve emerges that can be though of as being purified of the masking effect. Analyses of this artificial curve allow estimation of that part of the internal interactions uninfluenced by the masking effect. On the average, about half of the amount of interaction between the rhythm of sleep-wake and that of deep body temperature is explained by the masking effect, whereas the other half is oscillatory interaction. Both types of interaction are inherent and inseparable parts of the circadian clock mechanism, as can be deduced from model considerations.     

稀土高碳当量灰口铸铁组织与性能的研究

本文研究了利用稀土合金改善高碳当量灰口铸铁质量的可能性,稀土合金对高碳当 量灰口铸铁组织和性能影响的规律,以及稀土夹杂物在铸铁各相中分布的规律．发现了 稀土合金加入量与铸铁的机械性能之间明显的对应关系——“双峰值效应”。对稀土高 碳当量灰口铸铁的某些高温机械、物理、化学性能进行了研究。结果表明稀土合金加入 到高碳当量灰口铸铁中以后能净化铁水,改善组织,并提高其性能．     

分数阶黏弹性饱和地基与板的共同作用

基于层状分数阶黏弹性横观各向同性饱和地基的固结解答,采用边界元法与有限元法耦合的方法,探讨板与黏弹性饱和地基的共同作用。首先基于Mindlin中厚板理论,得到板的总刚度矩阵方程;随后引入分数阶黏弹性饱和地基的精细积分解答,获得地基柔度矩阵方程;最后利用板?土协调条件,得到黏弹性饱和地基与板共同作用的解答。与已有文献对比,验证了本文解的正确性,并讨论黏弹性饱和地基参数和地基加固深度等因素对筏板与地基共同作用的影响。     

组合桥面板疲劳荷载后剩余承载力试验研究

为了研究高性能混凝土组合桥面板经历疲劳荷载后的剩余承载力,设计制作了两个足尺的正交异性高性能混凝土组合桥面板,通过疲劳和静力加载试验测试了正交异性组合桥面板的静力承载能力、破坏形态与疲劳后剩余极限承载力。试验结果表明：正交异性高性能混凝土组合桥面板经历疲劳荷载后的静力破坏形态为受弯破坏,试件达到极限状态时中支点截面U肋屈曲,受拉钢筋屈服,负弯矩区混凝土板开裂严重,组合桥面板的受力性能发生退化。经过疲劳加载后的桥面板的剩余极限承载力较没有经过疲劳加载的桥面板承载力下降了约11.6%。基于钢筋混凝土黏结滑移理论推导了适用于疲劳荷载作用后的高性能混凝土组合桥面板平均裂缝间距计算公式。对比试验结果,所提出的平均裂缝间距计算公式具有良好的精度,可为实际工程应用提供理论参考。     

石膏改良盐碱土研究进展

盐碱土因其瘦、板、生、冷、咸等作物生长障碍性特征而不宜耕种,但“端牢中国饭碗”的国家粮食安全战略则要求必须加大力度“向盐碱地要粮”。实践证明,施用天然或工业副产品石膏可有效改善盐碱土性状,从而提高盐碱地生产力。本研究梳理100多年来国内外相关研究进展,总结了现有石膏改良盐碱土的研究成果,拟为石膏改良盐碱土技术体系的完善和全面推广提供理论依据。分析认为,1895年以来开展的大量研究揭示了石膏改良盐碱土以交换过程和固持过程为主的作用机理;建立了多类石膏改良盐碱土适宜施用量计算公式,表明土壤容重、改土层厚度、土壤碱化度和土壤阳离子交换量等是影响石膏适宜施用量的代表性因素;制定了基于土壤盐碱化程度的石膏施用方法,明确了石膏施用对土壤理化生等方面的有益效果。目前,施用石膏改良盐碱土需配套灌溉措施,定额一般为每666.67 m²施用150～200 m³水,最适方式为喷灌或滴灌等持续性灌溉,不同盐碱度土壤及作物特性需要不同的施用量和施用方法及配套灌溉方法。现有的研究和实践成果为盐碱地高效利用提供了有力支撑,但仍需进一步融合统一适宜施用量计算公式,建立跨区域...     

地面突风对通航飞行器的影响及数值模拟研究

突风一直以来都是危及飞行安全的重要气象要素之一,造成国民经济和人民生命财产的损失。利用常规观测资料、ADWR-X多普勒气象雷达资料和ERA5逐小时再分析资料,对四川盆地西部一次爆发性大风过程中风场的精细化特征、成因及对飞行的影响进行诊断和模拟研究,结果表明：此次大风过程风速增长快,爆发性强。地面风速自午后开始出现4次波动,且每一次波动期间风速峰值呈增加趋势,时间呈缩短趋势。由于第4次波动风速呈爆发性增加,最大瞬时风达到了16.1 m/s,地面风速脉动值超过5 m/s,致使跑道区域内流场的不稳定性增加,起降跑道侧风值超过了中小型飞行器的起降标准。高空动量下传对本次大风过程中风速的爆发性增加起主导作用。中层强偏南气流与低层偏北急流配和,中层辐合以及低层辐散下沉的垂直结构使得低层下沉气流异常强劲,将900～850 hPa的大风核快速向地面传导。通过天气研究与预报(weather research and forecasting, WRF)模式四重嵌套对本次过程进行模拟,表明WRF对盆地西部冷空气补充南下引起的在风速演变趋势、风速最大值和大风影响时段的风向有较好的模拟能力,对飞行起飞和着陆有一...     

高层建筑外附雨篷的表面风压和气动力系数

采用风洞试验方法研究高层建筑外附雨篷的风压特征,分析风压系数、风压相关性、非高斯性和整体升力系数随风向角的变化,给出围护结构的设计风压,最后研究倾角和出挑长度对整体力系数的影响. 研究发现,高层建筑外附雨篷上表面风压系数在正迎风时最大值接近1.4,系气流受到后方高层建筑的阻挡下翻导致;上、下表面的最大整体压力系数出现正迎风情况,最大值分别为1.24和0.76;上、下表面的最大整体升力系数出现侧风面,最大值分别为1.13和1.01;上下叠加后测点风压的非高斯性比单表面增强;上表面和下表面的升力系数在0°~70°风向呈现高斯分布,在80°~180°风向呈现较强的非高斯分布;高层建筑外附雨篷上表面的极值正压大于下表面;雨篷整体升力系数按照倾角-10°、0°、10°依次递增.     

浅论温室效应及其灾害和对策

本文概略综述了近年来世界争论的“地球危机”问题。由于人类的活动,大气中二氧化碳等增加,气候恶化,地球升温,导致一系列重大自然灾害,严重地威协着人类。本文特对地震灾害进行了分析,温室效应对地球表面的升温,虽不至于直接影响到地震的孕育和发生,但是观测事实表明,环境因子太阳活动和气象与地震之间存在某种联系,对地震的发生常常起有调制和触发的作用,大气变化和太阳活动会影响到地震发生的频度和强度。为配合“国际减灾十年”活动,本文亦讨论了对策问题。     

Increase in the survival time of mice exposed to ionizing radiation by a new class of free radical scavengers

Summary N-acyl dehydroalanines react with and scavenge mainly superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical (HO^.). The ortho-methoxyphenylacetyl dehydroalanine derivative, indexed as AD-20, protects mice against damage resulting from total body X-irradiation, as measured by the increase in their survival time. AD-20 increases the LD₅₀ at 30 days from 6.1 to 7.3 Gy in animals exposed to a wide range of X-rays (6 to 10 Gy). The dose reduction factor (D R F) of AD-20 is 1.20. We postulate that such radioprotective effect may result from its free radical scavenging activity.