苏珊·桑塔格《疾病的隐喻》中的文化研究关键词

美国文学艺术家、文化批评家苏珊·桑塔格对于西方文化中“疾病隐喻”的分析表现出了发微见著的洞察力,言语犀利,不乏睿智,但散文化的风格使其缺乏深层的理论分析和论证。桑塔格的批评实践中隐含着几个重要的文化研究关键词——意义与话语、身体与身份、隐喻与修辞,这些概念和术语有助于对“疾病隐喻”中涉及的一些文化研究问题进行更加理论化的探讨。     

国内科学文化研究与欧美后SSK“科学的文化研究”之比较

国内的科学文化研究是在不改变科学的客观性、真理性和表象论的前提下,把科学作为一种文化现象和文化过程来研究,可划归为大众理解科学的科学传播视域。欧美后SSK的科学的文化研究是SSK从科学的社会研究扩展到科学实践的文化研究,是从科学知识的社会建构论转向科学实践的文化建构论,是对科学客观性和表象论的进一步背离和消解,强化和放大了各种异质性文化因素对制造科学的作用;背离了科学家的真实立场和科学的核心问题,成了反科学的帮凶,不会结出真正的果实。二者在研究内容、方法、理念和科学观上是根本不同的,他们都有自己亟需解决的问题。     

新文化史家视野中的技术

科技史与一般史的融通已成为近年来倡导科技史再建制化的学者们着力解决的重大问题。为此文章从新文化史取向出发,当代新文化史家思考技术的视角和方法,涉及物质文化视角的技术史研究;日常生活中身体对技术体验的研究;以及书籍史阅读史视角的技术史研究。     

语言与社会：全球化的视野（下）

(上接 2 0 0 4年第 6期 )语言 ,族群和国家语言是识别自我认同感的一种重要手段 ,我们的认同意识与我们所说的语言有着密切的联系。正如我们所注意到的 ,语言是民族特征的主要标记之一 ,是创造族群意识的一种重要方法。1 8世纪末和 1 9世纪初 ,中欧的几个古老的国家逐渐发展成为工业化社会 ,学校教育也使越来越多的人具备了读写能力 ,当时使用曾一度被视作地方语言的人因此获得了经济和政治权力 ,他们开始使用自己的语言 ,以此作为民族特征的焦点。像匈牙利语、芬兰语、拉脱维亚语和波兰语等这样的语言的出现是和这些地区的民族意识的增强相…     

Radiation embryology

Summary Prenatal development, characterized by intensive cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell migration, shows a high radiosensitivity. Therefore, radiation exposure of embryos and fetuses is of great concern for radiological protection and human health. Irradiation during gestation can cause death, growth disorders, malformations, functional impairment and malignant diseases in childhood. These effects are strongly dependent on the developmental stage at exposure and on the radiation dose. The first trimester of pregnancy is regarded as the period with the highest risk for malformation and cancer induction. The developing nervous system shows a special susceptibility to ionizing radiation over a long period and is therefore of great significance for risk estimation. Knowledge about radiation effects on prenatal development has been derived from animal experimentation and from the exposure of human embryos. There is evidence that doses between 1 and 10 cGy may lead to developmental anomalies and that the radiation response can be modified by additional factors.     

The generation of random,binary unordered trees

Several techniques are given for the uniform generation of trees for use in Monte Carlo studies of clustering and tree representations. First, general strategies are reviewed for random selection from a set of combinatorial objects with special emphasis on two that use random mapping operations. Theorems are given on how the number of such objects in the set (e.g., whether the number is prime) affects which strategies can be used. Based on these results, methods are presented for the random generation of six types of binary unordered trees. Three types of labeling and both rooted and unrooted forms are considered. Presentation of each method includes the theory of the method, the generation algorithm, an analysis of its computational complexity and comments on the distribution of trees over which it samples. Formal proofs and detailed algorithms are in appendices.     

Accuracy in forecasting: A survey

In this study, the author provides a brief and concise summary of empirical investigations pertaining to forecasting with special reference to the accuracy of different forecasting techniques. The study mainly focuses on comparisons of the accuracy of these techniques. The comparisons cover both quantitative and qualitative methods. In addition the summary includes studies seeking to test or improve accuracy by combining forecasting techniques.     

中草药黄蜀葵的研究现状与展望

概述了近年来黄蜀葵生物学特性、栽培试验、化学成分、药理实验及新药开发的研究现状,并分析目前研究中存在的问题及今后的研究开发趋势,展望其可在研究和开发治疗缺血性心脏病和缺血性脑血管病等系列新药中取得重大的突破.     

浅析Blum-Kulka翻译中衔接与连贯的转换

以色列学者Shoshana Blum-Kulka在1986年写了一篇关于翻译中衔接与连贯转换的文章。文中,她将翻译转换的思想与衔接连贯两种手段结合起来,结合实验研究,提出了翻译研究的新方法。本文试图分析Blum-Kulka此理论的意义与局限性。