An imperfect imago? Post-mating loss of iridescent scales in Cheimas butterflies may change female from attractive to cryptic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

Adults of both sexes of Cheimas opalinus (Staudinger), a Satyrinae butterfly occurring in the cloud forests of the Venezuelan Cordillera de Mérida, have simple wing colour patterns, dark brown dorsa marked by one conspicuous element, large greenish-blue patches in the discal area of the hind wing. It was observed that in young, freshly emerged females these patches are frequently absent. They fade away and eventually disappear during mating and nuptial flights when brushed out by lateral movements of the male’s hind wing put between folded female hind wings. The falling off of the scales is made easy because they do not adhere to the wing as firmly as brown background scales due to their particular folded extremities. We speculate that this process is related to the fitness of the females. Prior to mating, blue-green patches are advantageous because they attract the attention of the opposite sex and enhance the chances of successful mating. After mating they lose their sexual role. Females without the blue-green patches become cryptic. Thus, they are less apparent not only for the males, which helps them avoid sexual harassment, but also for potential bird predators. Additionally, the loss of blue reflecting scales may speed up the warming up of the abdomen and egg maturation. In the males, positive role of the patches (signalling), and negative (bird attraction), is balanced during their entire life span, and they fade gradually due to regular usage of wings scaling in flight. Our hypothesis is supported by morphological, optical, experimental and statistical analysis in which we used 509 individuals of both sexes. A similar ratio of young (with undamaged wing) females with or without blue patch was recorded, whereas in the males no individuals without any trace of blue patch were reported, and a correlation of age (wing damage) and gradual fading off of the patch was demonstrated. Such an adaptation involving an active change of the appearance of adults, i.e. colour patterns related to sexual selection, has not been reported previously in Lepidoptera.     

新型仿生智能材料研究进展

 仿生智能材料是20世纪90年代兴起并蓬勃发展的一类新型先进功能材料，已成为一个涉及材料学、化学、物理学和生物学等多学科的前沿交叉研究方向，对推动材料科学与工程创新发展具有重要意义。研发仿生智能材料的本质是通过学习和模仿自然界生物体的化学成分、材料结构和功能特性，将仿生理念与材料制备技术相结合，优化设计并制备结构功能一体化和功能多样化的新型先进材料体系。综述了近年来仿生智能材料领域所取得的一系列有创新意义和实用价值的研究成果，包括防冰涂层材料、海洋防污材料、自修复自愈合材料、红外隐身材料、水下黏结材料等，评述了这些新型智能材料的仿生设计原理、制备加工技术和发展前景。     

爆炸荷载作用下建筑结构连续倒塌分析与防连续倒塌设计研究进展

连续倒塌是结构局部某个关键构件的破坏导致相邻构件失效继而引发更多构件破坏,最终导致结构整体倒塌或者产生与初始触因很不相称的大面积倒塌的连锁反应.爆炸荷载作为一种非常规荷载,具有传播迅速、峰值大、作用时间短等特点,是造成建筑结构连续倒塌的主要原因之一.本文在建筑结构连续倒塌已有研究的基础上,提出了结构连续倒塌分析的分类方法;并进一步根据结构连续倒塌分析的目的,将结构连续倒塌分析方法分为结构抗连续倒塌性能评价方法和结构连续倒塌全过程分析方法.通过文献综述,详细介绍了结构抗爆炸连续倒塌性能评价方法和结构抗爆炸连续倒塌全过程分析的最新研究进展;给出了建筑结构防爆炸连续倒塌的概念设计方法和构造措施,提出了建筑结构防爆炸连续倒塌设计的步骤和方法.     

构造应力演化的定量模拟方法

构造应力演化研究是盆地模拟的重要环节，各期次构造应力分布情况决定了油气运移的方向．本文提出的构造应力演化的系统模拟方法，首次将运动学研究和构造动力学模拟有机相结合，由运动学研究提供初始模型和边界条件．排除了边界条件的任意性。耦合自重应力场和构造应力场的综合影响，以苏北溱潼凹陷为例，模拟了该区构造应力演化的发展过程，对油气勘探有重要指导意义。     

地表负曲率变形时建筑物附加应力的计算

文章根据地基反力呈抛物线分布的假设,在临界接触,局部接触和全面接触的三种情况下,推导了由于开采影响,地面出现负曲率变形,建筑物产生的附加弯矩和附加剪力.结果表明,正负曲率变形的计算公式和临界半径值均是不同的,但在全面接触条件下,最终的弯矩和剪力当正负曲率值相同时,其结果绝对值相同符号相反.     

评徐新吾主编的《江南土布史》

做为一部以资料为基础结合分析说明的史料书，《江南土布史》的特点在于：史料来源丰富，涉及面广，个别史料具有独到的学术价值；在体例编排上，采用了按语与史料相结合的方式，错落有致，脉络清晰，具有很强的历史感。     

缓倾斜放顶煤工作面顶煤破碎规律的初步研究

本文依据现场实测资料,采用相似模拟,有限元电算模拟和理论分析方法,对缓倾斜放顶煤工作面顶煤冒落的运动及破坏发展过程进行了系统的分析,提出了顶煤破坏发展过程的“假塑性结构”,初步揭示了顶煤破碎的机理。最后,在对破煤效果分析的基础上,指出了放顶煤开采法的适应性。图6,参3。     

烷基苯的沸点与分子结构之间定量关系的探讨

本文用图论方法探讨了烷基苯的沸点与其分子结构之间的关系，提出了一个既能合理表征烷基沸点与分子结构关系，又能准确预测沸点的定量关系式，计算结果表明，烷基苯沸点计算值都很按近实验值，平均误差０．０５％。     

城市电网的分层优化模型及其应用

根据城市电网的结构特点，采用结构化设计理论，提出供电网规划的分层优化模型，并在城市电网设计中得到应用     

对勘察设计单位改企建制的思考

对勘察设计单位改企建制中出现的新情况、新问题进行了探讨，在宣传教育，清产核资，激励机制，政策、法规运用等方面提出了建议。