基于PIC12F675离体器官灌流仪的研制

在离体器官实验中,保证离体器官所处环境接近动物体内的环境,能够存活一定时间,并使得实验数据准确可靠是这类实验的关键,给出了基于PIC12F675离体器官灌流仪的设计方案。为这类实验提供了一套有效的设备。     

组织器官的修复与重建

组织器官的修复与重建一直是生物、医学等相关领域的焦点。组织和器官的可替代性和替代物是其核心问题。工程技术的介入,使组织器官的修复与重建也由单纯的器官移植发展到功能的替代和具有解剖学意义的人工替代物,并不断地寻找更加安全、有效、快捷的组织器官修复与重建途径。目前,基于自源细胞的细胞受控组装技术展现出良好前景,活的组织和器官的可制造技术随之进入一个新的发展阶段。在论述组织器官的修复与重建方法的基础上,提出了实现器官制造的新途径,即细胞一材料复合单元体三维受控组装技术。     

鸡胚气管环组织体外分离培养的探讨

以鸡胚气管纤毛运动作为指示系统,研究不同分离方法即直取法与分离法所培养的鸡胚气管环的成活情况及对气管环纤毛成活的最佳犊牛血清浓度,结果表明:在同等条件下,以分离法所得的鸡胚气管环成活率高、成活时间长并且气管环纤毛在舍2%~3%犊牛血清的培养液中生长最佳.     

用蛋白质组学技术分析家兔MODS血清蛋白质组的方法初探

应用蛋白质组学技术比较家兔肠源性多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)模型复制前后的血清蛋白质组表达差异,探索该技术在家兔肠源性MODS研究中应用的可能性.取家兔肠源性MODS模型复制前后血清各50 μL,去除高丰度蛋白后用丙酮将洗脱液中的蛋白沉淀,加入水化液使沉淀中的蛋白充分裂解,离心后取上清液上样.双向电泳后银染,用PDQuest7.4软件进行胶图分析,比较两组血清双向电泳图谱中的差异蛋白点.家兔肠源性MODS前后血清双向电泳图谱清晰,分辨率高,重复性好,可以满足进一步研究的需要.其中11个点在复制MODS后表达上调,8个点下调.复制家兔肠源性MODS前后血清双向电泳图谱存在显著差异;初步建立的家兔血清蛋白质双向凝胶电泳技术,将为进一步开展疾病的血清蛋白质组学研究奠定基础.     

胡子鲶鳃及鳃上器形态结构扫描电镜研究

用扫描电子显微镜对胡子鲶（Ｃｌａｒｉａｓｆｕｃｓｕｓ）鳃及鳃上器表面亚微形态结构作了详细的观察研究,结果表明,鳃弓,鳃丝,鳃小片,鳃耙及鳃上器的上皮细胞各具不同的形态特征,鳃弓,鳃丝,鳃耙上皮细胞表面都有环形隆嵴,继续的短纹和点纹,而鳃小片和鳃上器上皮细胞表面结构与共明不同,这些表面形态结构特点与鳃及鳃上器的功能机理是密切相关的。     

辣木植物器官不同发育阶段的热值研究

对厦门40年生辣木植物各器官发育过程中的热值和灰分质量分数变化进行研究,结果表明：1）辣木各器官的灰分质量分数在3．50％～17．52％之间,干重热值在15．00～26．32kJ／g之间,去灰分热值在17．65～27．28kJ／g之间．各器官平均灰分质量分数的高低顺序是叶〉根〉果〉枝〉花〉种子,平均干重热值是种子〉花〉叶〉果〉枝〉根,平均去灰分热值是种子〉叶〉花〉果〉枝〉根;2）随着器官发育,灰分质量分数下降,但叶片例外,老叶为最高．干重热值是粗根〉细根,幼枝〉多年生枝〉二年生枝,幼叶〉成熟叶〉老叶,花蕾〉花朵,果实则随其发育而增加．去灰分热值变化有所不同,随叶片发育而升高,两种热值都是细根最低,种子最高;3）果实发育中的干重热值与灰分质量分数具有极显著的负相关（P〈0．01）,根、叶器官中有显著的负相关（P〈0．05）,而枝和花中的相关性不显著（P〉0．05）．     

Histidine-induced injury to cultured liver cells,effects of histidine derivatives and of iron chelators

The amino acid histidine is an excellent buffer and is therefore included in several organ preservation solutions used in transplantation medicine. However, when used at concentrations as in these solutions, histidine has a marked injurious potential. Therefore, we here assessed the mechanism of histidine-induced cell injury and searched for ways to use the buffering power of histidine but avoid histidine toxicity. When cultured hepatocytes were incubated in HTK solution or in modified Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing 198 mM L-histidine at 37°C, most cells lost viability within 3 h (LDH release 86 ± 7% and 89 ± 5%, respectively). This injury was accompanied by marked lipid peroxidation, and was strongly inhibited by hypoxia, by the antioxidants trolox, butylated hydroxytoluene and N-acetylcysteine and by the membrane-permeable iron chelators 2,2′-dipyridyl, 1,10-phenanthroline, LK 614, LK 616 and deferoxamine. Thus, histidine-induced cell injury appears to be mediated by an iron-dependent formation of reactive oxygen species. D-Histidine, imidazol and L-histidine methyl ester also elicited marked injury, while the N-substituted derivatives Nα-acetyl-L-histidine and tert-butyl-oxycarbonylhistidine and histidine-containing dipeptides showed almost no toxicity. Histidine toxicity, its iron dependence and the superiority of Nα-acetyl-L-histidine were also evident during/after cold (4°C) incubations. Therefore, we suggest the addition of iron chelators to histidine-containing solutions, and/or replacing histidine with Nα-acetyl-L-histidine in organ preservation solutions. Received 23 October 2006; accepted 21 November 2006     

East–west differentiation in the Marcusenius macrolepidotus species complex in Southern Africa: the description of a new species for the lower Cunene River,Namibia (Teleostei: Mormyridae)

This paper critically compares the Southern African bulldog fish species Marcusenius macrolepidotus (Peters, 1852), inhabiting the eastern Lower Zambezi River, and Marcusenius altisambesi Kramer et al., 2007, inhabiting the central Upper Zambezi River, with bulldog fish samples from the western lower Cunene River, a 2600-km range from the Indian Ocean to the Atlantic. The three species or forms are well differentiated in morphology and molecular genetics, and differentiation is also present in electric organ discharges. Marcusenius altisambesi and the Cunene sample, which we recognize as Marcusenius multisquamatus sp. nov., are closely related and form a sister taxon to M. macrolepidotus. This result is based on the analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences and genomic Inter-simple-sequence-repeat fingerprinting. Morphological adaptations to life in a torrential escarpment river seem to be present in M. multisquamatus sp. nov. when compared with M. altisambesi, which lives in a reservoir river that periodically floods the savannah. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8FE68494-9ED9-428E-B181-E814D25493F2     

鳖的肝脾是免疫器官

取鳖的各类骨,肝,脾制成切片进行研究。结果发现：鳖骨髓不造血,肝内的淋巴组织多为成熟的中、小淋巴细胞,少数为分裂状态的淋巴细胞和浆细胞,肝实质内,肝窦内及靠近肝内的血管处,各期各类的血细胞丰富;脾脏内的脾小体中,越靠近中心淋巴细胞,其核仁越清晰,细胞核的结构越疏松,细胞的分裂现象越明显,脾索内发现有巨噬细胞,网状细胞,浆细胞,成熟和幼稚的各种血细胞等,因此说,肝和脾是鳖的免疫器官。     

掘进机截割头截荷的模拟研究

本文介绍了确定掘进机截割头的载荷和利用计算机模拟截割头载荷的方法,并结合一个实例,对截割头载荷的特点及掘进机的工作性能进行了分析。