Peptidergic co-transmission inAplysia: Functional implications for rhythmic behaviors

Despite their ubiquitous presence in the central and peripheral nervous systems, the behavioral functions of peptide co-transmitters remain to be elucidated. The marine molluscAplysia, whose simple nervous system facilitates the study of the neural basis of behavior, was used to investigate the role of peptidergic co-transmission in feeding behavior. Several novel modulatory neuropeptides were purified, and localized to identified cholinergic motorneurons. Physiological and biochemical studies demonstrated that these peptides are released when the motorneourons fire at frequencies that occur during normal behavior, and that the peptides modify the relationship between muscle contraction amplitude and relaxation rate so as to maintain optimal motor output when the intensity and frequency of feeding behavior change.     

Shortening velocity of single muscle cells isolated from a molluscan smooth muscle

Summary The maximal unloaded shortening velocity (V_max) of smooth muscle cells isolated from the pedal retractor muscle ofMytilus was more than twice as large as that of the whole muscle, suggesting the presence of extracellular components which resist the contraction of the whole muscle. The V_max of the isolated cells was almost constant at cell lengths ranging between 0.5 and 0.831₀ (1₀, optimal length for tension generation) indicating that the intracellular resistance to contraction is negligible within this range of lengths.     

Neuroendocrine control of carbohydrate metabolism in the freshwater bivalve molluscLamellidens marginalis

Summary Blood sugars and foot muscle glycogen were measured in the mussel,L. marginalis after ablation of the cerebral ganglia, and in mussels injected with cerebral ganglionic extract 3 h after ablation. There is a rise in the blood sugar and decrease in foot muscle glycogen 3 h after operation, but no change in sham-operated controls. The effect of ablation is reversed by injecting brain extract into ablated mussels. No such effect could be seen in the controls. The results are suggestive of the presence, in the cerebral ganglia, of a hypoglycaemic factor similar to insulin.     

Fusion between a myogenic cell in the satellite cell position and undamaged adult myofibre segments

In this report we demonstrate for the first time that differentiating myogenic cells, geographically located between the plasmalemma and external lamina of myofibres in the satellite cell position³, can fuse directly with the plasmalemma of undamaged segments of mature myofibres.     

葡萄糖转运体4与Ⅱ型糖尿病相互关系的研究进展

葡萄糖转运体4(GLUT4)是转运葡萄糖的重要蛋白质,与Ⅱ型糖尿病(T2DM)密切相关.从GLUT4对骨骼肌、心肌和脂肪组织,以及肾组织的肾小球系膜细胞的影响等方面进行了综述,研究葡萄糖转运体4与Ⅱ型糖尿病相互关系.     

气动人工肌肉驱动仿人灵巧手的结构设计

研究一种气动人工肌肉驱动的多指仿人灵巧手的结构设计. 通过分析正常人体解剖学,针对人类手掌的外形结构、驱动形式及运动规则,设计了一种5指仿人灵巧手. 该灵巧手有5个手指、19个自由度,在外观和功能上与人手接近;手指采用气动人工肌肉驱动,以柔索传动. 实验结果表明,该仿人灵巧手具有很好的柔顺性,并且整体外形和手指关节的运动范围均能达到拟人的效果.     

小白鼠部分器官中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）分布特异性的探讨

本文证实了乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）在小白鼠部分器官中的分布特异性.指出了乳酸脱氢酶五种同工酶在小白鼠的心肌、骨骼肌、肾脏、脑和肝脏中均存在，并且在心肌、脑和肾脏中LDH-1（H4）占优势;而在骨骼肌和肝脏中以LDH-5（M4）占优势;分别与各自的生理功能相适应.     

运动与骨骼肌中的基因表达

通过献资料法阐述了运动对骨骼肌基因表达的影响,以便深入理解骨骼肌的工作原理,为客观指导运动训练提供依据．     

鱼形微机器人推进的力学分析

基于鱼类肌肉水动力学的研究,利用鱼类尾鳍与微机器人摆翼运动相似性,对仿生鱼形微机器人摆翼所产生的推进力进行了分析。分析表明,鱼形微机器人推进力与流体的粘性系数、摆翼面积和偏移角等因素有关。     

小脑经颅直流电刺激技术提升运动表现的应用

小脑是脑皮层下的一个重要运动调节中枢,它与大脑不同皮层区域在解剖和功能上紧密连接,配合大脑皮层完成机体的运动功能和运动学习。经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation, tDCS)是一种非侵入性的脑刺激技术,通过电极将微弱的电流作用于小脑能有效地提升皮层脊髓兴奋性和调控小脑与大脑皮层间的功能连接。本文系统梳理近20年国内外关于tDCS刺激小脑对提升人类运动表现影响的相关文献,研究结果表明tDCS刺激小脑可以改善人体的运动表现,如姿势控制、运动适应与运动学习、肌肉力量表现等。然而,tDCS刺激小脑的生理机制和刺激强度、刺激时间、刺激时间间隔等参数的选择有待进一步研究。未来的体育科学研究中,如何将tDCS刺激小脑的技术应用于运动训练,帮助运动员突破现有的运动能力仍有待深入探究。