化橘红中主要活性成分对豚鼠气管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

目的：初步观察化橘红中主要活性成分对豚鼠气管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响。方法通过原代培养豚鼠气管平滑肌细胞,采用 MTT 法观察化橘红中主要活性成分柚皮苷（Naringin）、橘皮内酯（Meranzin）和水合橘皮内酯（Meranzin hydrate）对细胞增殖的影响。结果柚皮苷（0.2~2.0 mg/mL）对豚鼠气管平滑肌细胞增殖有明显的促进作用（P<0.01）,水合橘皮内酯（0.1~1.0 mg/mL）对豚鼠气管平滑肌细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用（P<0.01）,橘皮内酯（0.05~0.5 mg/mL）对豚鼠气管平滑肌细胞的增殖作用不明显（P ＞0.05）。结论柚皮苷与水合橘皮内酯可能是化橘红主要药效活性成分。     

Mechanical and biochemical characterization of the contraction elicited by a calcium-independent myosin light chain kinase in chemically skinned smooth muscle

Summary The contraction induced by a Ca²⁺-independent myosin light chain kinase (MLCK-) was characterized in terms of isometric force (F_o), immediate elastic recoil (SE), unloaded shortening velocity (V_us), shortening under a constant load and ATPase activity of chemically skinned smooth muscle preparations. These parameters were compared to those measured in a Ca²⁺-induced contraction to assess the nature of cross bridge interaction in the MLCK-induced contraction. F_o developed in chicken gizzard fibers as well as SE were similar in contractions elicited by either agent. V_us in the contraction induced by MLCK-(0.36 mg/ml) was similar though averaged 39.3±8.9% less than V_us induced by Ca²⁺ (1.6x10^–6M) in the control fibers. Addition of Ca²⁺ (1.6x10^–6M) to a contraction induced by MLCK-resulted in small increases in both F_o and V_us. Shortening under a constant load was similar for both types of contractions. The contraction induced by MLCK-was accompanied by an increased rate of ATP hydrolysis. The MLCK-induced contraction is thus kinetically similar though not identical to a contraction induced by Ca²⁺. We conclude that with respect to actin-myosin interaction, MLCK- and Ca²⁺-induced contractions are similar.     

Velocity and myosin phosphorylation transients in arterial smooth muscle: effects of agonist diffusion

Summary Transients in myoplasmic [Ca²⁺] and in phosphorylation of the 20,000 dalton light chain of myosin have been reported following stimulation of vascular smooth muscle by various agonists. Since these transients are rapid compared with the time required to attain a steady-state stress, agonist diffusion rates may be a significant limitation in activation. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of agonist diffusion rates on the time course of activation as assessed by mechanical measurements of stress development and isotonic shortening velocities and by determinations of the time course of myosin phosphorylation. The approach was to measure these parameters in K⁺-stimulated preparations of the swine carotid media of varying thicknesses and to estimate the theoretical contributions imposed by diffusion rates and the presence of a diffusion boundary layer surrounding the tissue. The results show that the time course of parameters which are tissue averages such as stiffness, active stress, and myosin phosphorylation is dominated by agonist diffusion rates. The sequence of events involved in excitation-contraction coupling including agonist actions on the cell membrane, Ca²⁺ release, activation of myosin light chain kinase, and cross-bridge phosphorylation appear to be very rapid events compared with stress development. Estimates of unloaded or lightly loaded shortening velocities which are not simple tissue averages appear to provide an imporoved estimate of activation rates.Supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health 5-PO1-HL19242. K. E. Kamm was supported by a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Research Service Award HL-05957.     

扬子鳄肌肉组织成份测试和营养评价

古医籍早有记载，鳄肉可食。根据江苏省理化测试中心和南京大学现代化分析中心的测定，本文在国内首次发表了鳄肉中所含脂肪、蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素、宏量及微量元素的全部资料，说明鳄肉营养丰富，胜过猪、牛、羊、鸡、鸭肉，并具有海洋生物特有的ＤＨＡ（脑黄金）。对进一步研究怀开发我省特产扬子鳄有重要意义。     

1,6-二磷酸果糖对缺氧缺血性心、脑损害的保护作用(综述)

1，6-二磷酸果糖(FDP)是存在于一切活细胞内的糖代谢中间产物。细胞缺氧时，外源性FDP可透过细胞膜进入到细胞内直接供能，并可阻止Ca^2 内流，减少氧自由基的产生、稳定细胞膜，及减少细胞凋亡。多数研究认为FDP对缺氧缺血引起的心、脑损伤具有保护作用，但也有不同的观点。因此有必要进一步临床验证，为FDP在这方面的应用提供有价值的理论依据。     

运动对骨骼肌中胰岛素样生长因子I影响的研究进展

胰岛素样生长因子I(IGF-I)是一类促进细胞生长,具有胰岛素样代谢效应的因子,与运动能力密切相关。分析了近年来关于胰岛素样生长因子在运动、常氧运动、低氧运动不同应激下的变化情况的文献资料。对胰岛素样生长因子研究进展进行了阐述。对于IGF-I与低氧训练关系的研究,有助于提供低氧训练的评定指标,为低氧训练提供科学的理论指导。     

有氧运动对青少年骨骼肌细胞葡萄糖氧化代谢的影响

研究有氧运动对青少年骨骼肌細胞葡萄糖代谢的影响,因为青少年骨骼肌細胞葡萄糖氧化代谢规律和青年小鼠是相同的。为了便于采集骨骼肌细胞將青年小鼠作为研究対象,选用3月龄健康雄性Sprague-Dawley小鼠30只,随机将其划分成安静组、中等强度有氧运动组和过度有氧运动组,每组10只洧氧运动方式为游泳。经7周有氧运动后,中等强度有氧运动组体重、体重变化和体重变化率均显著低于对照组(P0.05);过度有氧运动组各体重指标均低于对照组,差异具有非常显著性(P0.01)。经7周有氧运动后,中等强度有氧运动组血糖显著低于对照组(P0.05),血清胰岛素显著高于对照组(P0.05)过度有氧运动组血糖低于对照组血清胰岛素高于对照组差异均具有非常显著性(P0.01)。经7周有氧运动后,中等强度有氧运动组和过度有氧运动组GT4含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。经7周有氧运动后,中等强度有氧运动组和过度有氧运动组MEF2mRNA表达均高于对照组差异具有非常显著性(P0.01)。说明适宜有氧运动能够促进青少年骨骼肌細胞葡萄糖代谢,但过度有氧运动会使机体在一定程度上受到损伤。     

共同性斜视眼肌的组织学研究

用光镜和电镜研究１１例共同性斜视患者手术切除的眼肌，结果表明：横纹肌细胞发生进行性变性坏死，胶原纤维增生。与此同时，神经纤维减少甚至消失，说明共同性斜视眼肌和神经纤维的确产生病变，这些病变可能与感染有关。     

舞蹈解剖学在舞蹈基础课中的运用

文章通过对舞蹈解剖学的系统阐述，说明人体各个器官、系统的形态、结构特征的相互关系。以及舞蹈训练对人体形态结构产生的影响，初步分析了运用解剖学的基础知识分析舞蹈动作的方法，以及运用舞蹈解剖学知识，预防身体损伤的方法。     

Structure and function of a calmodulin-dependent smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase

Summary In smooth muscle the M_r 20,000 light chain of myosin is phosphorylated by a calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. It consists of 2 subunits: calmodulin, an acidic protein of M_r 17,000 that binds 4 moles of Ca²⁺; and a larger protein of M_r circa 130,000. Activation of the kinase is dependent upon their association in the presence of Ca²⁺. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation of the myosin light chain kinase occurs at 2 sites. It decreases the affinity of the kinase for calmodulin and a reduction in the rate of light chain phosphorylation occurs. The kinase has an overall asymmetric shape composed of a globular head and tail region for the skeletal muscle enzyme. Trypsin digestion of this kinase releases a fragment of M_r 36,000 from the globular region that contains the catalytic and calmodulin binding sites. Chymotrypsin digestion of the kinase from smooth muscle generates a fragment of M_r 80,000 that does not contain the calmodulin binding or cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation sites. It is a Ca²⁺-independent form of the kinase that phosphorylates the light chain of myosin. These structural features indicate a regulatory role for the kinase in smooth muscle phosphorylation and contraction.