General Characteristic Equations of Four Fundamental Electronic Elements From Linearity to Nonlinearity

The approximate equations for self- and mutual-inductance can be further investigated. In addition, the general characteristic equations for the four fundamental elements in three situations are basically completed. This new development not only reveals theoretically the characteristics of the four fundamental electronic elements, but also practically deals with all the media from linearity to nonlinearity. This will meet all the purposes of application. Hence, it is very important and significant to the development of the science of electronic elements.     

15MnMoVNRe钢焊接近缝区拘束应变—相变—韧性之间的关系

以不同焊接热循环分别联合不同拘束应变循环两模拟试验结果,证明在同一热循环作用下,随着拘束应变量的增大使15MnMoVNRe钢CCT图中的B_?和M_?点逐次向左上方移动,从而对其显微组织和其精细结构发生了显著的作用,导致其韧性各异。当有该应变存在时所获得的韧性均高于无拘束应变的,并且该应变ε_max为1%时韧性最高。     

2ZKX2148型直线振动筛侧板的有限元动力学分析

以结构力学理论为依据,以有限元ＳＡＰ５程序为计算手段,提出了一种直线振动筛侧板的动力学强度的计算方法,并分析了这类振动筛在侧板上产生裂纹的原因．     

无限冷硬球铁轧辊去应力退火温度的确定

通过比较无限冷硬球铁轧辊经过不同温度退火处理后组织和硬度的变化,测定了该材料在凝固和冷却过程中的铸造应力,在此基础上提出了无限冷硬球铁轧辊去应力退火处理的度为４００℃左右。     

Bacterial suicide through stress

Outside of the laboratory, bacterial cells are constantly exposed to stressful conditions, and an ability to resist those stresses is essential to their survival. However, the degree of stress required to bring about cell death varies with growth phase, amongst other parameters. Exponential phase cells are significantly more sensitive to stress than stationary phase ones, and a novel hypothesis has recently been advanced to explain this difference in sensitivity, the suicide response. Essentially, the suicide response predicts that rapidly growing and respiring bacterial cells will suffer growth arrest when subjected to relatively mild stresses, but their metabolism will continue: a burst of free-radical production results from this uncoupling of growth from metabolism, and it is this free-radical burst that is lethal to the cells, rather than the stress per se. The suicide response hypothesis unifies a variety of previously unrelated empirical observations, for instance induction of superoxide dismutase by heat shock, alkyl-hydroperoxide reductase by osmotic shock and catalase by ethanol shock. The suicide response also has major implications for current [food] processing methods. Received 29 March 1999; received after revision 14 May 1999; accepted 17 May 1999     

汽车滚柱式单向超越离合器套环应力计算的曲梁法

对汽车滚柱式单向超越离合器套环进行力学分析，首次提出套环为受集中力作用的超静定曲梁，以此来求解其最大正应力，即曲粱法。采用电测套环工作应力和采取光弹性应力分析方法验证曲梁法的正确性，并指出，多年来国内外按Ｔｈｏｍａｓ视套环为厚壁圆筒，受内压来计算应力是不可取的。     

现代中国画的繁荣、危机及前景

现代中国画的发展是多元化的,并具有互补的格局,它走向世界的关键在于其民族特点、对外交流、文化渗透以及自身的发展;时代特色与民族气质是中国画的主流.     

小特征比等温湍流矩形射流的试验研究

本文通过实验对小特征比(2,4,8)的矩形管道喷口射流作了研究;给出了热线风速仪的测量结果,即近场区的时均特性和湍流特性,包括轴心线上的时均速度衰减和湍流量的变化、射流横截面上的时均速度和湍流量的分布、射流半宽度特性及主副轴的转换特性.文中将所得结果与前人完成的大特征比矩形射流的实验结果做了对比,并进行了有益的讨论.     

应用电阻层系成像技术测量垂直管道气/液两相流分相含率

通过对垂直管道中气／液两相流截面相含率测量影响因素的分析,以电阻层析成像系统为检测工具,提出了提取原始测量数据边界特征值的方法和描述气／液两相流截面相含率的特征函数,得到了气／液两相流的截面含气率,仿真计算与实验测试结果表明,在研究导电的液相为连续相的气／液两相流情况下的分相含率时,上述方法是一种有效的测量手段．     

光纤光栅封装耦合对应变传感增敏的实验研究

目的 研究光纤Bragg光栅与基底材料封装耦合对应变传感的增敏问题。方法 选用弹性模量小、耐180℃度高温且对温度敏感极小的有机聚合物材料,对裸光纤光栅进行封装,封装中采用特殊的偶连工艺,实现了封装材料与光纤光栅的牢固耦合并对两种外型尺寸的封装进行了研究对比。结果 封装后的光纤光栅对应变传感有增敏作用,FS光纤光栅取得了较高的应力灵敏度,与裸光纤光栅报道值比较增敏1174倍。结论 封装后的光纤光栅应力响应曲线具有良好的线性。通过对封装结构及尺寸优化,可以实现量程与灵敏度的最优组合。