Changes in the power spectrum of electrical signals in maize leaf induced by osmotic stress

To quantify the characteristics of the power spectrum of plant electrical signals, we defined the following concepts:spectral edge frequency (SEF), spectral center frequency (SCF), power index (PI) and power spectral entropy (PSE). These parameters were used to examine and quantify changes in the power spectrum of electrical signals in maize leaves under osmotic stress. In the absence of osmotic stress, the SEF of the electrical signal in maize leaves was approx. 0.2 Hz and the SCF was approx. 0.1 Hz. The electrical signal in maize leaves was mainly a slow wave signal with a frequency of 0-0.1 Hz. After 2 h osmotic stress, the SEF and SCF of the electrical signal increased to higher frequencies. The proportion of the fast wave frequency also increased to 0.1-0.2 Hz, resulting in a dramatic increase in PSE. We also found that the changes in PSE and SCF were significantly correlated during osmotic stress. We propose that the changes in the PSE and SCF in maize leaves can be used as a sensitive signal indicating water deficit in leaf cells under osmotic stress. Thus, measurement of SCF or PSE of electrical signals in maize leaves could be used to develop early warning and rapid diagnosis techniques for the water demands of plants.     

Compound machining of silicon carbide ceramics by high speed end electrical discharge milling and mechanical grinding

A compound process that integrates end electrical discharge (ED) milling and mechanical grinding to machine silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics is developed in this paper. The process employs a turntable with several uniformly-distributed cylindrical copper electrodes and abrasive sticks as the tool, and uses a water-based emulsion as the machining fluid. End electrical discharge milling and mechanical grinding happen alternately and are mutually beneficial, so the process is able to effectively machine a large surface area on SiC ceramic with a good surface quality. The machining principle and characteristics of the technique are introduced. The effects of polarity, pulse duration, pulse interval, open-circuit voltage, discharge current, diamond grit size, emulsion concentration, emulsion flux, milling depth and tool stick number on performance parameters such as the material removal rate, tool wear ratio, and surface roughness have been investigated. In addition, the microstructure of the machined surface under different machining conditions is examined with a scanning electron microscope and an energy dispersive spectrometer. The SiC ceramic was mainly removed by end ED milling during the initial rough machining mode, whereas it is mainly removed by mechanical grinding during the later finer machining mode; moreover, the tool material can transfer to the workpiece surface during the compound process.     

惠农区坑木场门式起重机混凝土基础分析

采用有限元（ANSYS）数值模拟方法对起重机混凝土基础进行静动力模拟分析,为起重机的安全使用提供依据。     

一个新型的色散关系和波速公式

在生物系统和某些生命现象中,存在一种独具特性的缓慢波动过程,用传统的基于弹性动力学或流体动力学的波动理论无法解释.为解释这一现象,采用一个发展了的简单物理-数学模型,并进而得到一个新型波动色散关系k=1/2~(1/2)2~(1/2)ω/D.根据此色散关系得到波传播速度,即U=4kD=8πDλ.根据实验提供的数据,由此公式计算得到的波速与实验观测的结果完好相符.     

复杂载荷条件下提升机主轴的断裂参量分析

以含裂纹提升机主轴为研究对象,利用ABAQUS子模型技术,模拟计算了复杂载荷条件下提升机主轴三维表面裂纹附近的应力应变场,获取了椭圆裂纹前端应力强度因子KI和J积分的分布规律。研究结果表明,椭圆表面裂纹中点和两端的扩展明显要慢于裂纹其他部位,且当分别采用KI主导和J主导分析时,获得的裂纹前端扩展趋势有一定的差别。     

激光冲击TC4残余应力场的试验及有限元分析

为提高钛合金的疲劳强度,采用Nd:Glass强脉冲激光对TC4钛合金表面进行冲击强化处理,采用X射线应力仪对冲击区的残余应力场进行测试,并采用ABAQUS有限元仿真软件对其残余应力场进行分析计算.结果表明,激光冲击使材料表面残留较大幅度的残余压应力,当激光功率密度为3 GW.cm-2时,表面残余压应力值高达400 MPa,残余压应力层的深度约为0.6 mm.有限元分析结果与试验测试值有较好的一致性.不同激光功率密度下残余应力场的有限元分析结果表明,激光功率密度大于1.6 GW.cm-2,冲击区将产生残余压应力,随着功率密度的增加,残余压应力增加并趋于饱和,分析结果可为激光冲击工艺参数的优化提供理论依据.     

用云纹干涉法实测复合材料应力强度因子的实验研究

采用实时观测云纹干涉法 ,测试并研究了正交异性Ⅰ型裂纹的应力强度因子。用三维云纹干涉仪和数字图像采集技术获得了清晰的反映试件裂尖附近全场位移的云纹图 ,进而推算出应力强度因子。并对贴片云纹干涉法和实时观测云纹干涉法进行比较。     

模块化设计及其在齿轮减速器中的应用

齿轮减速器在现代机械中应用极为广泛，但传统的设计方法已不能满足工业技术迅速发展的需要．分析了传统的齿轮减速器设计方法的不足，介绍了模块化设计理论及其主要特点，讲述了模块化设计在齿轮减速器中的应用．运用模块化设计不仅能使齿轮减速器具有很大适应性和灵活性，同时对提高齿轮减速器的传动质量，延长使用寿命都具有重要意义。     

基于改进的对应分析-ESI模型陕西北部地区生态环境压力评价?

针对传统生态环境压力指数(ESI)模型评价结果缺少普适性的缺陷,本研究提出改进的对应分析-ESI模型,并以2010年陕西省北部地区为例进行社会经济发展对生态环境压力的特征及成因分析.在生态环境压力法评价各市县生态压力等级的基础上,利用对应分析法根据影响指标的不同将各市县分类,并提出相应的应对策略.结果表明:1)陕西省北部地区主要的生态环境的压力来源于环境污染.2)陕西省北部地区13个市县可分为3个区:Ⅰ区应适度转换耕地用途;Ⅱ区应着重治理工业三废问题;Ⅲ区应减少农用化肥施用量以及降低生活污水的排放量.     

开挖边坡中应力重塑方法的有限元模拟

文章根据应力重塑的方法对开挖边坡进行处理,在坡面上施加荷载,使得边坡土体恢复到未开挖的稳定应力状态;并且利用大型有限元软件ANSYS来进行等效应力分析。对原状土体、开挖后的土体以及进行应力重塑后的土体内部的应力进行比较,得出开挖过程的应力损失并进行相应大小的应力补偿以达到应力重塑的目的,使边坡中的土体相当于在自重应力作用下进行工作。