The effects of manganese and barium on the cardiac pacemaker current,i f,in rabbit sino-atrial node myocytes

Summary The isolation of ionic fluxes contributing to electric currents through cell membranes often requires block of other undesired components which can be achieved, among others, by divalent cations. Mn²⁺ and Ba²⁺ are often used, for example, to block Ca and K currents. Here we have investigated the effects of these two cations on the properties of the hyperpolarization-activated pacemaker current i_f, in rabbit sino-atrial node myocytes, as obtained by voltage clamp analysis. We find that 2 mM Mn²⁺ shifts the i_f activation curve by 3.2±0.3 mV towards more positive values. However, when 1 mM Ba²⁺ is also added, the positive shift is more than halved (1.3±0.2 mV). We find, too, that in the absence of blocking cations the ACh-induced i_f inhibition is slightly higher than in their presence. These results indicate that the alteration of i_f kinetic properties by Ba²⁺ plus Mn²⁺-containing solutions is minimal.     

沟道粒子的非线性过程

从经典的角度,采用双势井模型与余弦势模型,研究了沟道中粒子的经典运动及其俘获态与非俘获态;从量子的角度,研究了沟道中粒子波函数的传播.所得结果与用Lindhard势及Mo-liere势的结果一致.     

PFM神经网络VLSI电路的故障诊断应用

为了改变传统的基于软件的故障诊断模式,发挥神经网络超大规模集成电路(VLSI)的优势,提出了一种用于故障诊断的改进脉冲频率调制(PFM)模拟神经网络脉冲流VLSI电路.利用单层感知器网络、场效应管电路实现了一种新的数字模拟混合突触乘法/加法器电路.以此电路为基础,设计了进行主轴承磨损故障诊断的神经网络故障识别系统.用含有故障信息的噪声信号代替振动信号进行特征值提取,经过前置信号处理分析、故障特征值提取和神经网络运算,最后得出代表待诊断测试信号与标准故障模板之间"欧氏距离"的VLSI电路输出端电容的电压值.根据各个电压值,可以判断出故障类别.该电路具有较高的识别精度,可以实现实时在线的故障诊断.     

Permeation study of the potassium channel from streptomyces Lividans

A three-state hopping model is established according to experiments to study permeation of an open-state potassium channel from Streptomyces Lividans (KcsA potassium channel). The master equations are used to characterize the dynamics of the system. In this model, ion conduction involves transitions of three states, with one three-ion state and two two-ion states in the selectivity filter respectively. In equilibrium, the well-known Nernst equation is deduced. It is further shown that the current follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics in steady state. According to the parameters provided by Nelson, the current-voltage relationship is proved to be ohmic and the current-concentration relationship is also obtained reasonably. Additional validation of the model in the characteristic time to reach the steady state for the potassium channel is also discussed. This model lays a possible physical basis for the permeation of ion channel, and opens an avenue for further research.     

Identification of swelling-activated Cl<Superscript>-</Superscript> current in rabbit cardiac Purkinje cells

The presence and functional role of the swelling-activated Cl^- current (I_Cl(swell)) in rabbit cardiac Purkinje cells was examined using patch-clamp methodology. Extracellular hypotonicity (210 or 135 mOsm) activated an outwardly rectifying, time-independent current with a reversal potential close to the calculated Cl^- equilibrium potential (E_Cl). The magnitude of this current was related to tonicity of the superfusate. The current was blocked by 0.5 mM 4,4-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2-disulfonic acid (DIDS). These features are comparable to those of I_Cl(swell) found in sinoatrial nodal, atrial, and ventricular myocytes. I_Cl(swell) activation at 210 and 135 mOsm depolarized the resting membrane potential with 6 and 10 mV and shortened the action potential by 18 and 33%, respectively. DIDS partially reversed I_Cl(swell)-induced action potential changes. We conclude that I_Cl(swell) is present in Purkinje cells and its activation leads to action potential shortening and resting membrane potential depolarization, both of which can promote the development of reentrant arrhythmias.Received 20 January 2004; received after revision 17 February 2004; accepted 25 February 2004     

移动通信Rician信道中的多普勒影响分析

在研究分析了陆地移动通信Rician多径信道中因存在较强支配路径信号入射以及入射路径空间位置发生变化对Doppler频谱密度所产生影响的基础上 ,指出在实际无线传播环境中的一般性Doppler频谱密度通常应为非对称的 ,并且给出了相应的理论分析和仿真结果     

Photoshop中不规则图像的选取方式

运用Photoshop软件处理图像时,“选取”是首要的也是至关重要的五。本文根据艺术设计实际运用情况,对于选取的方法进行了多方面的探索和总结。     

计算网格中的组件服务

在网格环境下的高能计算中,网络应用扩展为一系列的相互作用的组件,一个完整的网络应用应该以即插即用的方式整合这些组件.文中采用了公共组件结构来建立这些组件.为了提高组件之间的通信效率,增加组件的动态扩展性,还需要事件服务以及通道的概念.本文中还用到了一些XML的内容.     

有无植物条件下明渠水流紊动特性对比

在可变坡水槽中，模拟了带枝杈植物对明渠水流的干扰作用，借助超声多普勒流速仪（ADV）测量了不同水深下垂线不同测点的瞬时流速，计算了各测点的三维时均流速、脉动强度及雷诺应力等紊动参数，通过与无植物干扰的明渠均匀流紊动特性进行对比，分析植物对水流紊动参数的影响规律。试验结果表明：在有植物明渠水流中，时均流速呈三区分布特征；脉动强度及雷诺应力均在植物顶部附近出现最大值；脉动强度明显增大，在3个方向上趋于接近；可以用植物顶部以上的雷诺应力分布推求摩阻流速。     

基于子空间法的空时分组码系统信道盲估计

结合多信道子空间理论,结合空时分组码的正交特性,提出了新的盲信道估计算法。首先,根据空时分组码结构特点,将原编码矩阵分解,并将接收矩阵合理地构造,把原信道矩阵重新构造成新的重构信道矩阵。然后求出重构信道矩阵的噪声子空间,之后利用信号子空间与噪声子空间正交特性,构造出信道矩阵作为变量的线性方程组,因而可以得到信道矩阵的闭式解。对三种典型的空时分组码进行仿真验证,仿真结果表明本算法的有效性。