助剂改性镍铈负载橄榄石焦油裂解催化剂的研究

以镍为活性组分,二氧化铈为助催化剂,橄榄石为载体研究了橄榄石负载镍催化剂的催化性能,实验还考察了不同助剂(Cu,Fe,Mg)的添加对催化剂活性的影响,结果表明,Cu,Fe,Mg都能提高Ce-Ni/Olivine催化剂焦油裂解活性和燃气质量,其中Cu效果最佳.     

高炉熔渣中煤-CO2气化反应性的实验研究

利用STA409PC综合热分析仪以等温热重法对高炉熔渣中煤焦-CO2气化反应性进行了研究,主要考察了渣煤比、气化反应温度和煤种对气化反应的影响,并用反应速率方程法对其动力学参数进行求算.实验结果表明:煤焦的碳转化率、气化反应速率与渣煤比正相关;在煤焦的气化反应中,高炉熔渣具有一定的促进作用;在1673K以下,煤焦的碳转化率、气化反应速率峰值随温度的升高而上升,而当温度高于1673K后,煤焦的碳转化率、气化反应速率峰值随温度的上升呈现下降的趋势;不同煤种,其气化反应性有很大的差异,大同煤的气化反应性要好于阜新煤和焦炭;不同条件下,煤焦的气化反应动力学参数具有很大的差异,焦炭的表观活化能和指前因子随渣煤比的增大而升高,阜新煤的表观活化能和指前因子随渣煤比的增加先降低、后升高.     

纤维素复合酶在秸秆饲喂奶牛中的应用效果研究

以玉米秸秆为粗饲料饲喂奶牛,研究添加纤维素复合酶对奶牛的生产性能的影响效果。结果表明：试验期内,试验组和对照组相比标准乳量提高了63.03%（P〈0.01）,平均乳脂率提高了18.29%（P〈0.05）;试验组奶牛粪中NDF和ADF的排出量和表观消化率与对照组相比,差异极显著（P〈0.01）,DM的排出量和表观消化率差异显著（P〈0.05）,而CP的排出量和表观消化率差异均不显著（P〉0.05）。     

煤气化技术新进展

煤气化技术是煤化工的关键技术,气流床气化代表了煤气化技术的发展方向。综述了国内外先进煤气化技术的新进展及产业化应用,并对煤气化技术的开发及应用提出了相关建议。     

陕西省生物质能开发利用的前景和对策分析

大力开发利用生物质能,对于缓解陕西省能源供应和环境压力,实现可持续发展具有重要的意义。对于秸秆利用、发展生物液体燃料、垃圾发电和废弃物综合利用中出现的问题,需相关部门采取有效政策和保障措施加以解决,以利于生物质能开发利用健康、有序的发展。     

秸秆覆盖对冬小麦生长状况及产量的影响

研究了“黄淮海”一年两熟地区秸秆覆盖对冬小麦的生长发育和产量性状及其构成要素的影响。试验表明：秸秆覆盖可以改善土壤的理化性状,增加土壤养分有效性;可提高水分利用率及土壤的生物活性,明显地调节作物生长的水、肥、气、热等生态条件,促进小麦的生长发育,明显提高小麦的产量,增产可达到28．23％。     

Pilot Scale Test to Treat High Concentration Gasification Wastewater Using Catalytic Oxidation and Aerobic Biological Fluid-Bed Combination Process

The gasification wastewater is a kind of typical organic industrial wastewater with high chemical oxygen demand （COD） and ammonia nitrogen, which could not be completely degraded by the traditional physical, chemical and biological method. So it is very important to find an effective treatment process. A combination process of catalytic oxidation with noble metal catalysts and aerobic biological fluid-bed packed with the new ultrastructure biological carriers, which was developed by ourselves, was investigated to treat the gasification wastewater. The pilot scale test with 0.5 m^3/h influent flow was carried out to investigate the performance of this new combination process. The results showed that the effluent COD was 84.02 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen was 14.15 mg/L, and total phenol was 0.20 mg/L, which could completely meet the Grade I of Wastewater Discharge Standard （GB8978-1996）, when the influent average COD was 5 564 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen was 237 mg/L, and total phenol was 1 100 mg/L. The two catalytic reactors could evidently improve the wastewater biodegradability, and the value of BOD5/COD （B/C） increased from 0.23 to 0.413 in the one-stage catalytic reactor and from 0. 273 to 0.421 in two-stage catalytic reactor. The further experiment results showed that the effluent quality of this new combination process could still meet the discharge standard, when the COD loading was 8.65 kg / （m^3· d）. Most of aromatic and heterocyclic compounds were degraded effectively in this combination process.     

Biorefinery of bacterial cellulose from rice straw: enhanced enzymatic saccharification by ionic liquid pretreatment

The pretreatment of rice straw is often used to enhance the hydrolysis. 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride([AMIM]Cl) is a kind of low viscous,nontoxic and recyclable ionic liquid. It was used to treat rice straw and improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw in this study. The factors influencing the pretreatment were as follows:the dosage of rice straw in [AMIM]Cl,crush mesh of rice straw,pretreatment temperature and time. After the pretreatment with a 3 %(the weight ratio of rice straw to ionic liquid) rice straw dosage in [AMIM]Cl at 110 ℃ for 1 h,the yield of reducing sugar of regenerated rice straw by 33 U/mL cellulase hydrolysis was 53.3 %,which was two times higher than that of un-treated rice straw(23.7 %) . More researches regarding straw biorefinery to bacterial cellulose are being performed in the lab and prospective results will be published in near future.     

生物质气化风机套管采暖系统非稳态模拟

针对装设防火墙导致我国北方生物质气化站存在湿式净化装置冬季防冻的问题,提出了一种基于风机套管的余热回收系统.采用商用CFD软件Fluent以及k-ε模型对采暖效果进行非稳态数值模拟,结果表明,当进气口空气流速分别为9 m/s(供暖90 min后),13 m/s(供暖40 min后)满足防冻要求,证明了技术的可行性;同时模拟了进气口空气流速分别为5,9,13 m/s在不同时刻的采暖效果,得出增大风机风量可提高采暖效果、缩短达到防冻要求所需时间以及使得净化间内温度分布更加均匀,但风机风量不可无限增加,需要考虑规范对风速的限制以及能耗的增加.     

油菜秸秆比例对好氧堆肥过程及产品特性的影响

采用堆肥工艺将农作物秸秆转化为有机肥还田是秸秆资源化利用的有效手段.本研究以油菜秸秆为主要原料,按不同比例同辅料混合(三组实验R1、R2和R3中的油菜秸秆比例(湿重)分别为45%、65%和85%),研究了油菜秸秆比例对高温好氧堆肥过程及产品特性的影响.结果表明,在72d的堆肥过程中,R1、R2和R3的有机物降解主要发生在堆肥过程前期,堆肥结束时分别达到34.06%、35.57%和39.78%.通过比较三组实验过程中样品的理化性质,可知R3最终样品满足了堆肥腐熟的各项指标,且堆肥过程中氮损失最少;其最终堆肥产品中未检测出NH_4~+,总N含量、NO_3~-浓度和GI值分别达到2.17%、1,844.93mg·kg~(-1)干重和102.66%.