铁基非晶复合材料的磁学性能研究

采用水冷铜坩埚磁悬浮熔炼和负压铜模吸铸法,制备了Fe-15Mn-5Si-xCr-0.2C(wt.%)非晶复合材料,由XRD表征试样的物相组成,采用VSM结合M-H曲线和B-H曲线分析Cr元素含量变化对非晶复合材料磁学性能的影响.结果表明:Fe-15Mn-5Si-xCr-0.2C(x=1、2、4、6、8、10、12、13、14)试样由α-Fe相、γ-Fe相和非晶相三部分组成.Cr元素含量的增加使得合金混合焓减小而混合熵增加,Fe-15Mn-5Si-14Cr-0.2C试样中非晶相和α-Fe相的协同作用,使得试样的软磁性能最优,其矫顽力和饱和磁感应强度分别达到为16.12 A/m、5.1 T.     

基于灰色理论的数控机床复合结构床身优化设计及其性能分析

为探索提高数控机床的综合性能,以某卧式加工中心铸铁床身为原型,设计了一种钢板-混凝土复合结构床身.采用正交实验、灰色关联和组合赋权相结合的方法对其结构进行优化并得到了最优的参数组合,对复合结构床身进行有限元仿真分析,并将结果与原型铸铁床身比较.结果表明:在床身质量仅增加2.3%的情况下,复合结构床身的最大静应力和最大静变形分别降低了51.3%和82.9%;前三阶固有频率提高了143.9%、156.8%和148.7%;x轴导轨和z轴导轨中心节点在x、y、z方向上的最大振幅降低了97.6%、97.1%、94.0%和99.6%、97.9%、85.4%;导轨滑块连续在导轨表面摩擦1800s时导轨的最大热-结构耦合变形量降低了7.3%.     

基于反馈控制系统实时寿命预测的延寿策略研究

针对反馈控制系统性能因执行器隐含退化而无法满足控制任务时限要求的问题,提出了一种基于反馈系统实时寿命预测的动态矩阵控制(DMC)延寿方法.该方法首先基于Wiener和Poisson过程,建立了更加贴合执行器实际退化过程的复合模型;其次,通过分析执行器隐含退化对控制系统性能的影响给出了系统剩余寿命(RUL)的解析解,实现了系统RUL的实时快速预测;接着依据RUL的预测信息并结合DMC方法,通过在线针对性地对约束矩阵Q和R元素值的共同调整来延长系统的RUL,确保了控制任务时限性要求的目标达成;最后以双容水箱液位系统验证了本文方法的有效性,且较已有的LQR方法延寿效果和鲁棒性都更优.     

Anion-immobilized solid composite electrolytes based on metal-organic frameworks and superacid ZrO2 fillers for high-performance all solid-state lithium metal batteries

Anion-immobilized solid composite electrolytes (SCEs) are important to restrain the propagation of lithium dendrites for all solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs). Herein, a novel SCEs based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs, UiO-66-NH2) and superacid ZrO2 (S-ZrO2) fillers are proposed, and the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and some other electrochemical measurements. The –NH2 groups of UiO-66-NH2 combines with F atoms of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) chains by hydrogen bonds, leading to a high electrochemical stability window of 5 V. Owing to the incorporation of UiO-66-NH2 and S-ZrO2 in PVDF-HFP polymer, the open met-al sites of MOFs and acid surfaces of S-ZrO2 can immobilize anions by strong Lewis acid-base interaction, which enhances the effect of im-mobilization anions, achieving a high Li-ion transference number (t+) of 0.72, and acquiring a high ionic conductivity of 1.05×10–4 S·cm–1 at 60°C. The symmetrical Li/Li cells with the anion-immobilized SCEs may steadily operate for over 600 h at 0.05 mA·cm–2 without the short-circuit occurring. Besides, the solid composite Li/LiFePO4 (LFP) cell with the anion-immobilized SCEs shows a superior discharge specific ca-pacity of 158 mAh·g–1 at 0.2 C. The results illustrate that the anion-immobilized SCEs are one of the most promising choices to optimize the performances of ASSLMBs.     

碳包覆Ti3AlC2增强银基复合材料的制备与性能

Ti₃AlC₂-reinforced Ag-based composites, which are used as sliding current collectors, electrical contacts, and electrode materials, exhibit remarkable performances. However, the interfacial reactions between Ag and Ti₃AlC₂ significantly degrade the electrical and thermal properties of these composites. To diminish these interfacial reactions, we fabricated carbon-coated Ti₃AlC₂ particles (C@Ti₃AlC₂) as reinforcement and prepared Ag–10wt%C@Ti₃AlC₂ composites with carbon-layer thicknesses ranging from 50–200 nm. Compared with the uncoated Ag–Ti₃AlC₂ composite, Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ was found to have a better distribution of Ti₃AlC₂ particles. With increases in the carbon-layer thickness, the Vickers hardness value and relative density of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ gradually decreases. With a carbon-layer thickness of 150 nm, we obtained the lowest resistivity of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ of 29.4 135.5×10?9 Ω·m, which is half that of Ag–Ti₃AlC₂ (66.7 × 10?9 Ω·m). The thermal conductivity of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ reached a maximum value of 135.5 W·m?1·K?1 with a 200-nm carbon coating (~1.8 times that of Ag–Ti₃AlC₂). These results indicate that the carbon-coating method is a feasible strategy for improving the performance of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ composites.     

搅拌铸造法制备和表征GNPs和CNTs增强Al 7075基复合材料

This study investigated the effects of adding graphene nanoplates (GNPs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into the Al7075 matrix via the stir casting method on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the fabricated composites. By increasing the volume fraction of reinforcements, the fraction of porosity increased. The X-ray diffraction results showed that the addition of reinforcements into the Al7075 changed the dominant crystal orientation from (002) to (111). Field emission scanning electron microscopy images also showed the distribution of clustered reinforcements in the matrix. Between the two reinforcements, the addition of CNTs generated a lower fraction of porosities. Through the addition of 0.52vol% GNPs into the matrix, the hardness, ultimate tensile strength and uniform elongation increased by 44%, 32%, and 180%, respectively. Meanwhile, the presence of 0.71vol% CNTs in the matrix increased the hardness, tensile strength and uniform elongation by 108%, 129%, and 260%, respectively.     

混凝土-混凝土层间界面的性能及在组合混凝土 结构中的应用评述

混凝土?混凝土层间界面普遍存在于混凝土结构中,界面的抗剪性能是保障不同区域混凝土共同工作的基础。介绍了混凝土?混凝土层间界面的剪力传递机制、剪应力设计表达式、黏结性能及界面性能的影响因素,探讨了混凝土?混凝土层间界面的耐久性。最后,建立了组合混凝土结构中界面的概念设计框架。     

基于加权信息量法的福州地区地热资源模型构建研究

地热资源是一类备受青睐的新型绿色能源,虽研究已久但缺乏结合多源环境因子进行建模研究。以福州地区为研究区,利用城市热异常越级融合提取算法（UTLFAE）处理由Landsat8反演所得的地表温度消除城市热岛,将燕山期侵入岩划分为早期与晚期两个证据因子作为改进,使用加权信息量模型融合地质背景、地理背景、地球物理3类数据共7个因子进行建模,并结合地热温标对圈定的地热潜力区进行验证。研究发现,城市热异常越级融合提取算法能兼具大窗口与小窗口的提取特性从而尽可能地完整识别出城市热异常区域,主要水系对福州地区地热资源影响最大,燕山早期侵入岩对福州地区地热资源的影响大于燕山晚期侵入岩。ROC曲线评价结果显示,加权信息量模型预测能力优于信息量模型。福州地区地热资源模型表明,高地热潜力地区的分布与主要水系的分布具有明显关联性,市区、县区附近区域的地热潜力均较高并以福州市区、永泰县区、连江县区3处最为突出。永泰县区、连江县区能作为地热生态示范区与地热旅游品牌建设的优选区,未来可以考虑在闽侯光明、闽清汤兜两处开展干热岩远景勘探与研究。     

部分充填混凝土-钢箱连续组合梁裂缝特征

对5根部分充填混凝土-钢箱连续组合梁进行静力加载试验,研究组合梁在负弯矩作用下的混凝土面板的裂缝开裂和发展特征.根据试验结果与理论分析,综合考虑力比、栓钉间距对部分充填混凝土-钢箱连续组合梁裂缝特征的影响,对比负弯矩区裂缝宽度试验值与各文献计算值.结果表明:力比对裂缝最大宽度的影响较大,栓钉可引起次生裂缝的产生,故应将力比及栓钉连接件的间距作为部分充填混凝土-钢箱组合梁中支座区最大裂缝宽度计算的重要参数.     

60 m大跨度洞室最小矢跨比研究

大跨度洞室的最小矢跨比是大跨度洞室尺寸设计的重要参考依据,基于能够考虑岩体软化、剪胀、体胀、密度变化等开挖响应特征的Cavehoek本构模型和能够反映不同岩体质量、岩石单轴抗压强度条件下的极限应变标准,对不同地质强度指标GSI、埋深、侧压力系数、结构面等条件下的60 m大跨度洞室的最小矢跨比进行了研究.结果表明,GSI、侧压力系数、埋深3个因素中,GSI对大跨度洞室的最小矢跨比影响最大,侧压力系数和埋深次之;岩体质量越好,最小矢跨比越小,最小矢跨比与侧压力系数和埋深之间并非线性关系.结构面和岩石单轴抗压强度对大跨度洞室最小矢跨比有较大的影响,尤其是缓倾结构面非常不利于大跨度洞室成拱.