稀土含量对TRIP/TWIP钢晶粒及晶界特征的影响

利用XRD和EBSD分析稀土含量对TRIP/TWIP高锰钢相组成、晶粒及晶界特征的影响。结果表明,试验钢变形前组织以γ奥氏体为主,还有部分ε马氏体,经过塑性变形后,组织中还观察到少量α马氏体;随着稀土含量的增加,奥氏体转变为马氏体的量有所增加,表明稀土元素促进了试验钢的TRIP效应。此外,稀土元素的添加细化了试验钢中奥氏体晶粒,减少了小角度晶界数量而增加了大角度晶界数量,尤其是取向差为60°左右的大角度晶界;同时,稀土元素的添加也促进了低Σ值重位点阵(CSL)晶界特别是Σ3晶界的形成。     

Relationship between the specific surface area of rust and the electrochemical behavior of rusted steel in a wet-dry acid corrosion environment

The relationship between the specific surface area (SSA) of rust and the electrochemical behavior of rusted steel under wet-dry acid corrosion conditions was investigated. The results showed that the corrosion current density first increased and then decreased with increasing SSA of the rust during the corrosion process. The structure of the rust changed from single-layer to double-layer, and the γ-FeOOH content decreased in the inner layer of the rust with increasing corrosion time; by contrast, the γ-FeOOH content in the outer layer was constant. When the SSA of the rust was lower than the critical SSA corresponding to the relative humidity during the drying period, condensed water in the micropores of the rust could evaporate, which prompted the diffusion of O₂ into the rust and the following formation process of γ-FeOOH, leading to an increase of corrosion current density with increasing corrosion time. However, when the SSA of the rust reached or exceeded the critical SSA, condensate water in the micro-pores of the inner layer of the rust could not evaporate which inhibited the diffusion of O₂ and decreased the γ-FeOOH content in the inner rust, leading to a decrease of corrosion current density with increasing corrosion time.     

Reverse-transformation austenite structure control with micro/nanometer size

To control the reverse-transformation austenite structure through manipulation of the micro/nanometer grain structure, the influences of cold deformation and annealing parameters on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of 316L austenitic stainless steel were investigated. The samples were first cold-rolled, and then samples deformed to different extents were annealed at different temperatures. The microstructure evolutions were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), magnetic measurements, and X-ray diffraction (XRD); the mechanical properties are also determined by tensile tests. The results showed that the fraction of stain-induced martensite was approximately 72% in the 90% cold-rolled steel. The micro/nanometric microstructure was obtained after reversion annealing at 820-870℃ for 60 s. Nearly 100% reversed austenite was obtained in samples annealed at 850℃, where grains with a diameter ≤ 500 nm accounted for 30% and those with a diameter >0.5 μm accounted for 70%. The micro/nanometer-grain steel exhibited not only a high strength level (approximately 959 MPa) but also a desirable elongation of approximately 45%.     

Effect of hot-dip galvanizing processes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 600-MPa hot-dip galvanized dual-phase steel

A C-Mn dual-phase steel was soaked at 800℃ for 90 s and then either rapidly cooled to 450℃ and held for 30 s (process A) or rapidly cooled to 350℃ and then reheated to 450℃ (process B) to simulate the hot-dip galvanizing process. The influence of the hot-dip galvanizing process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 600-MPa hot-dip galvanized dual-phase steel (DP600) was investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and tensile tests. The results showed that, in the case of process A, the microstructure of DP600 was composed of ferrite, martensite, and a small amount of bainite. The granular bainite was formed in the hot-dip galvanizing stage, and martensite islands were formed in the final cooling stage after hot-dip galvanizing. By contrast, in the case of process B, the microstructure of the DP600 was composed of ferrite, martensite, bainite, and cementite. In addition, compared with the yield strength (YS) of the DP600 annealed by process A, that for the DP600 annealed by process B increased by approximately 50 MPa because of the tempering of the martensite formed during rapid cooling. The work-hardening coefficient (n value) of the DP600 steel annealed by process B clearly decreased because the increase of the YS affected the computation result for the n value. However, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation (A₈₀) of the DP600 annealed by process B exhibited less variation compared with those of the DP600 annealed by process A. Therefore, DP600 with excellent comprehensive mechanical properties (YS=362 MPa, UTS=638 MPa, A₈₀=24.3%, n=0.17) was obtained via process A.     

Mechanism and simulation of droplet coalescence in molten steel

Droplet coalescence in liquid steel was carefully investigated through observations of the distribution pattern of inclusions in solidified steel samples. The process of droplet coalescence was slow, and the critical Weber number (We) was used to evaluate the coalescence or separation of droplets. The relationship between the collision parameter and the critical We indicated whether slow coalescence or bouncing of droplets occurred. The critical We was 5.5, which means that the droplets gradually coalesce when We ≤ 5.5, whereas they bounce when We > 5.5. For the carbonate wire feeding into liquid steel, a mathematical model implementing a combined computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-discrete element method (DEM) approach was developed to simulate the movement and coalescence of variably sized droplets in a bottom-argon-blowing ladle. In the CFD model, the flow field was solved on the premise that the fluid was a continuous medium. Meanwhile, the droplets were dispersed in the DEM model, and the coalescence criterion of the particles was added to simulate the collision-coalescence process of the particles. The numerical simulation results and observations of inclusion coalescence in steel samples are consistent.     

穿水冷却对GCr15轴承钢组织和力学性能的影响

通过4种穿水冷却工艺生产20mm热轧GCr15轴承钢棒材,研究了穿水冷却对热轧及球化退火、淬回火热处理后轴承钢组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:终轧前后均采用穿水冷却,控制终轧温度在800~860℃,上冷床返红温度为620℃,能明显降低先共析碳化物及珠光体相变温度,减小热轧轴承钢中先共析碳化物厚度、连续度及珠光体片层、球团大小.退火及回火组织中碳化物厚度减小,均匀性增加,防止了粗大未溶网状碳化物的遗传.热轧及热处理后轴承钢抗拉强度及面缩率均增强.     

冷轧变形对镀镍钢带腐蚀性能的影响

研究了冷轧变形对镀镍钢带耐腐蚀性能的影响.利用电化学方法表征镍镀层的腐蚀行为,金相显微镜观察表面形貌,XRD法确定不同轧制变形量镍镀层中的残余应力.结果表明:2%~4%冷轧变形可以改进镀镍钢带的腐蚀性能,而变形量超过4%会降低其性能.     

钢框架稳定性探讨

钢框架稳定性的计算主要是柱子稳定性的计算,其中计算长度系数法避免了对结构做整体屈曲分析,因此得到广泛应用。钢框架柱的计算长度系数与多因素有关,体现在初始几何缺陷、荷载条件、节点连接刚度、支撑刚度、层间相互作用和二阶效应等方面。但钢框架的整体稳定判定准则也起着越来越重要的作用。     

轴向超声振动辅助钻削机理与试验研究

针对传统钻削过程中经常出现断屑、排屑困难以及加工质量差等问题, 提出了轴向超声振动辅助钻削加工方法,并研究了其运动特性和断屑机理.利用自行设计的轴向超声振动辅助钻削系统对45号钢进行了传统钻削与轴向超声振动辅助钻削的对比试验.从孔的粗糙度、表面微观形貌、切屑形态等方面进行研究.结果表明,相对于传统钻削,轴向超声振动辅助钻削能有效降低孔表面粗糙度,改善孔表面微观形貌.另外,对试验结果进行方差分析,结果显示主轴转速和超声振幅对孔表面粗糙度有显著影响,其中当振幅在20μm,主轴转速在450r/min时加工效果最好.     

Water erosion mechanism of mild carbon steels induced by micro-particles

To clarify the water erosion mechanism of the mild carbon steels, the water erosion experiments were performed by using deionized water as steam source. The results showed that under the damage threshold velocity of liquid impact, the material surface would not be destroyed. However, when the micro-particles were added into the steam, the pits appeared on the surface soon. By comparison, it is found that the pits are quite different from those induced by micro-particles impact without steam, but similar to those induced by cavitation erosion. The results indicated that the water erosion mechanism was similar to that of cavitation erosion under the damage threshold velocity. The micro-particles carry the micro-bubbles to approach the surface of the material, and the micro-bubbles collapse and generate micro-jet to impinge vertically on the surface, which lead to the produce of pits.