固态存储雨量器与虹吸自记雨量计观测数据对比分析

对固态存储雨量器与虹吸自记雨量计平行观测资料进行了对比,分析了影响两者误差的因素,并根据固态存储雨量器使用中存在的问题,给出了解决的办法,以保证和提高观测资料的质量。     

营口市城市暴雨强度公式研究与应用

阐述了营口市城市暴雨强度公式研究与应用,进行了P-Ⅲ分布和指数分布两种频率分布计算;首次引入系统优化技术,使推荐的公式更可靠、精度更高.     

江淮流域梅雨期雨量的变化特征及其与太平洋海温的相关关系及年代际差异

运用相关分析和滑动相关方法,分析了江淮流域5个代表站1903-2000年梅雨期雨量的变化特征及其与太平洋海温的相关关系及年代际差异.结果表明,江淮地区梅雨期雨量在近百年来存在明显的年际和年代际变化特征.通过分析梅雨期雨量与太平洋海温的年代际相关特征发现,江淮流域梅雨期雨量与前期及同期太平洋海温关系密切,前一年冬季及梅雨期东北太平洋海温与江淮流域梅雨期雨量负相关,在热带东太平洋的Nino1 2区两者正相关显著,同年春季西太平洋部分海域海温与江淮流域梅雨期雨量正相关.从年际相关分析发现,前一年冬季太平洋海温与梅雨期雨量正相关,同年春季以及梅雨期两者相关不明显.通过分析年代际差异发现,江淮流域梅雨期雨量与前期及同期热带太平洋关键区海温的21a滑动相关存在显著的年代际差异,这种差异与海温的21a滑动平均的年代际冷暖背景关系密切,热带太平洋海温关键区前一年冬季冷海温背景下,梅雨期雨量同海温正相关显著,同年春季暖海温背景下,两者之间负相关显著,而江淮流域梅雨期雨量同中国近海海温之间(从冬季到梅雨期)维持显著的正相关,与该区海温冷暖背景的关系则并不明显.     

化学沉淀法脱除焦化废水中的氨氮

研究了pH值、温度、化学试剂Na2HPO4·12H2O和MgCl2·6H2O的加入量等对焦化废水中氨氮脱除效果的影响。实验结果表明,当焦化废水中添加的Na2HPO4·12H2O和MgCl2·6H2O使NH4+∶Mg2+∶PO3-4的比率为1∶1∶1时,在pH=8～10的条件下,无论是均合池的生化进水还是混沉池的生化外排水,都可以将其氨氮含量脱除至10mg/L以下。     

沸腾回流均相沉淀法合成超细粉体TiO2

采用沸腾回流均相沉淀法，以不同浓度的TiCl4和尿素为原料，制备出超细粉体TiO2，并利用STM及XRD对其进行表征．结果显示TiO2颗粒呈球状，一次粒径为29-34nm，TiCl4浓度较大时TiO2以金红石型为主，TiCl4浓度较小时TiO2为锐钛型、金红石型的混晶．     

CSP热轧低碳钢板轧制过程中析出行为分析

采用H-800透射电镜研究CSP热轧低碳钢轧制过程中析出物形貌、尺寸、及分布等，结果表明：累积变形量较小，变形温度较高时，第二相粒子主要在晶界或相界上形成，数量较少且比较粗大，尺寸多在150nm以上；随着轧制过程的进行，累积变形量的增大和轧制温度的降低，第二相粒子主要在晶内析出，细小、弥散且数量较多，尺寸大多数在20～100nm之间，析出物主要为Al2O3、MnS、Cu7S4和Fe3C。     

纳米粉Ba1-xSrxTiO3的合成

根据液相反应胶粒析出机理及实验原理，制备了Ba1-xSrxTiO3的前驱体(Ti(OH)4、SrCO3,BaCO3),然后经过焙烧，在较低温度(450℃)时是碳酸钡锶和二氧化钛分子状态的混合纳米晶，继续焙烧(900℃)成为发育完整的Ba1-xSrxTiO3纳米粉体，经TEM和XRD表征，平均粒径为100m，粒径分布较窄，分散性良好，XRD表明此纳米粉体为钛酸钡锶Ba1-xSrxTiO3。     

Atomic-scale computer simulation for early precipitation process of Ni75Al10V15 alloy

The kinetic model for a ternary system is introduced based on the microscopic diffusion form of the phase-field equations for a binary alloy. The equation is solved in the reciprocal space. This model is used to investigate the early precipitation process of Ni75-Al10V15 by simulating the atomic pictures of the two ordered phases and calculating the order parameters of γ′(Ni3Al) phase. Simulation results show that the γ′ ordered phases precipitate from the disordered matrix by a non-classical nucleation mechanism, and the nonstoichiometric γ′ ordered phase appears first and then transforms into the stoichiometric one. Clusters of V atoms appear at the γ′ phase boundaries followed by the formation of the nonstoichiometric θ ordered phase. The farther the location from γ′ phase boundary is, the lower the order degree of θ phase is. There exist two kinds of DO22 ordered domains: a horizontal one and a vertical one, related to their adjacent γ′ phase boundaries. The model could describe the atomic ordering and composition clustering simultaneously, and any a priori assumption about the new phase structure and precipitation mechanism etc. is unnecessary.     

Computer simulation for the precipitation process of Ni75Al7.5V17.5 alloy

The precipitation mechanism of Ni75Al7.5V17.5 alloy above the L12 instability line, between the L12 and D022 instability lines and below the D022 instability line are studied using microscopic phase-field kinetic equation. This paper is aimed at investigating the effect of temperature on precipitation mechanism and morphological evolution of the alloy. Our simulations demonstrate that the precipitation is a mixed mechanism of non-classical nucleation growth and spinodal decomposition above the L12 instability line. It needs certain thermal fluctuations for nucleation and the number of θ phases is small at this temperature. The precipitation mechanism of γ'phase is congruent ordering followed by spinodal decomposition, and θ phase is a mixed mechanism of non-classical nucleation growth and spinodal decomposition between the L12 and D022 instability lines. The mechanism below the D022 instability line is similar to that between the L12 and D022 instability lines. With the decrease of the temperature, ordering and phase separation becomes fast, the dimension of γ'phase becomes small, the shape transforms from equiaxed to block, the dimension of θ phase becomes large and the shape transforms from strip to circle.     

基于质心分析的淮河流域降水时空分布特征

为定量表征淮河流域降水量非均匀性特征,建立年降水质心时间指标,以概化年内降水过程时间分布,从时域、空域、频域3个维度解析流域近55 a降水质心时间的总体格局与演变规律。结果表明:各典型站点近55a降水质心时间序列中全部存在28a的第一主周期;年降水质心时间序列突变年份多发生于1975—1989年,突变主要集中于淮河上中游地区;年降水质心时间序列多呈现不显著的增加趋势,说明流域大部分地区年降水集中期有微弱的后移倾向;年降水质心时间随纬度增加而呈现明显的后推趋势,流域南北地区年降水质心时间可相差20 d左右,经度变化对年降水质心时间没有明显影响;淮河流域暴雨与大雨质心时间普遍迟于其他等级年降水质心时间,流域年降水质心时间对暴雨、大雨较为敏感。