Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells along a hepatocyte lineage and its application in liver regeneration

Hepatocyte transplantation and bioarUficial liver （BAL） as alternatives to liver transplantation offer the possibility of effective treatment for many inherited and acquired hepatic disorders. Unfortunately, the limited availability of donated livers and the variability of their derived hepatocytes make it difficult to obtain enough viable human hepatocytes for the hepatocyte-based therapies. Embryonic stem cells （ESCs）, which could be isolated directly from the blastocyst inner cell mass, have permanent self-renewal capability and developmental pluripotency and therefore might be an ideal cell source in the treatment of hepatic discords. However, differentiation of hESCs into hepatocytes with significant numbers remains a challenge. This review updates our current understanding of differentiation of ESCs into hepatic lineage cells, their future therapeutic uses and problems in liver regeneration.     

The mobilization of rat’s mesenchymal stem cells into peripheral blood by LiCL and its potency differentiation

Mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） are multipotent cells, which can differentiate into different tissues. It is still controversial whether MSCs can be isolated from adult peripheral blood （PB） under normal conditions and whether they can be mobilized in a way similar to that of hematopoieUc stem cells （HSCs）. In this study, rat MSCs circulating in the PB under normal conditions can be isolated and cultured, and MSCs from PB and BM can be mobilized by LiCL. The mobilized MSCs can be induced to differentiate into neuron by such factors as β-mercaptoethanol and supernatants of nerve cell cultures. The present study provides a broader perspective on the repair of neural trauma.     

脐带源间充质干细胞的生物学性状及其成脂肪细胞诱导分化

以健康产妇脐带为材料分离脐带间充质干细胞,体外培养扩增传代,做细胞形态观察,计数细胞并绘制细胞生长曲线,用流式细胞仪测定细胞周期以及免疫表型,测定细胞定向诱导分化成脂肪细胞的能力.发现人脐带源间充质干细胞能在体外培养扩增,可定向诱导分化为脂肪细胞并且具有和骨髓来源的间充质干细胞相似的生物学形态和抗原表型.成功建立了脐带源间充质干细胞系,可以作为干细胞研究和应用的新的材料来源.     

迎春花无菌体系的建立以及茎段和叶片愈伤组织的诱导

本文对迎春花无菌体系的建立和茎段、叶片愈伤组织的诱导进行了研究。结果表明：（1）在建立迎春花的无菌体系时,应该选择晴天去采集外植体为好;（2）带芽茎段和叶片的污染率最大,而不带芽茎段的污染率最小;（3）在超净工作台外消毒应先用饱和洗衣粉溶液浸泡10 min,然后用自来水冲洗2-3次,最后再用蒸馏水冲洗2-3次;在进行超净工作台内消毒时,叶片应该先用84消毒液（1%）浸泡5min,无菌水冲洗3次,75%酒精浸泡20s,无菌水冲洗3次,0.1%升汞浸泡8 min,无菌水冲洗3次,而茎段应该先用84消毒液（1%）浸泡10 min,无菌水冲洗3次,75%酒精浸泡30s,无菌水冲洗3次,0.1%升汞浸泡10min,无菌水冲洗3次;（4）在NAA为0.2 mg/L时,高浓度的6-BA有利于不定根的再生,而低浓度的6-BA则更利于愈伤组织的诱导;在NAA为0.2 mg/L时,高浓度的KT有利于愈伤组织的诱导,而低浓度的KT则有利于不定根的再生;（5）NAA更利于不定根诱导,也可诱导愈伤组织。而2,4-D只利于愈伤组织的诱导,不利于诱导不定根。     

藏药材藏紫草的组织培养

文章以藏紫草茎尖作为实验材料,利用植物组织培养技术建立再生系统。实验结果表明,藏紫草茎尖组织培养不同培养阶段的适宜培养基分别为：分化培养基MS＋6BA0.5-1.0mg/L＋IBA0.5mg/L;继代培养基以MS＋6BA0.5-1.0mg/L＋IBA0.5mg/L和MS0培养基交替使用效果最佳;生根培养基1/4MS＋NAA0.5mg/L;PH5.8-6.5较适合,影响试管苗移栽成活率的主要因素是水分。     

62例原发性脑干损伤临床治疗体会

目的：归纳总结对原发性脑干损伤患者的诊疗经验.方法：回顾性总结我院2006-02～2011-06收治的62例原发脑干损伤病例的治疗并评定疗效.结果：死亡34例,植物状态9例,重残8人,中残11人.结论：原发性脑干损伤患者病情重,病情变化快,致死率、致残率高,通过保持气道通畅、低温、药物治疗、神经外科重症监护病房特级护理、后期行康复锻炼、可以尽可能降低伤员致死、致残率.     

黄鳝成体性腺组织生殖干细胞的体外培养及鉴定

通过黄鳝成体性腺组织的体外培养,探讨黄鳝成体性腺生殖干细胞体外分离培养与鉴定的方法.分离黄鳝性腺组织进行植块培养,倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞生长状况.利用H.E、油红O染色、碱性磷酸酶(AP)细胞化学染色等方法对培养细胞进行鉴定.黄鳝成体性腺组织原代培养3～5 d,可见组织周围有细胞迁出,并形成生长晕.15 d左右,生长晕直径可达3～3.2 mm,生长晕中的细胞主要包括:成纤维细胞、神经样细胞、类生殖干细胞三种类型.成纤维细胞呈不对称的长梭形,突起短而多,细胞核较浅,核仁明显,有2～3个核仁,是生长晕的主要细胞成分.神经样细胞具有放射丝状细胞突起,油红O染色呈阳性反应.类生殖干细胞呈圆形,单核或多核,核质比大,AP染色呈现出阳性反应.探索了适于黄鳝成体性腺组织体外培养的条件和方法,并对原代培养的细胞进行了初步鉴定,为进一步利用体外培养的黄鳝成体性腺生殖干细胞开展黄鳝性逆转分子机制研究奠定了基础.     

Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) technology: promises and challenges

In 2006, an article published in Cell by Shinya Yamanaka took by surprise the stem cell research community. By performing systematic retroviral transduction of factors enriched in embryonic stem (ES) cells, the authors demonstrated the reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts into an ES cell-like state. These cells, baptized iPS (induced pluripotent stem) cells, were immediately recognized as a ground-breaking discovery. Subsequently, the same authors and other groups reported a similar achievement with human fibroblasts. Two years later, the number of top quality papers on iPS is astonishing, and interest in the scientific community has risen to a fever pitch. But although iPS has the potential to revolutionize Regenerative Medicine, important questions still remain unanswered. Work from multiple laboratories worldwide including ours is focused on deciphering the molecular mechanisms of iPS, and trying to improve the technique to make it suitable for the clinic. In this review article we briefly discuss the past, present and future of iPS, with emphasis on urgent issues to be solved. Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 30725012, 30630039 and 90813033), Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KSCX2-YW-R-48), National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2006CB701504, 2006CB943600, 2007CB948002, 2007CB947804. 2007CB947900) and Guangzhou Science and Technology Development Funds (Grant No. 2008A1-E4011)     

高压氧疗对脑损伤治疗作用机制的研究进展

脑损伤可引起脑组织的缺血缺氧。脑供血减少,会引起脑缺氧,但脑缺氧也可单独发生。若脑组织缺血缺氧的状态得不到及时纠正,氧参与的细胞内物质能量代谢将发生异常,如生成ATP的三羧酸循环、离子的转运等基本的生命活动都将受到影响,甚至停止。而蛋白质、核酸、脂质等物质的运输及代谢也将受到影响。这种状况持续数分钟,大脑的生理功能将受到影响,时间愈久这种变化愈难逆转。近年来,有研究表明,高压氧疗(HBOT)能改善损伤引起的脑组织缺血缺氧的状态,并对损伤的脑组织有修复的作用。其可能的途径如下:HBOT通过减少内皮素的生成,改善损伤后的脑血管痉挛状态、平衡脑血流以及降低升高的颅内压等,改善脑组织的缺血缺氧状态;并能通过改变MBP、caspases基因家族、Bcl-2/Bcl-xL以及TSPO、Nogo-A及其受体Ng-R等的表达,起到保护受损脑细胞、减少脑细胞凋亡以及促进神经细胞再生的作用;HBOT还可能通过增加胎盘生长因子(PLGF)的生成,起到促进血管生成及损伤脑组织再生的作用;此外,HBOT还能引起受损脑组织内多种炎症因子的改变,这也在一定程度上影响着脑损伤的预后。HBOT引起多种分子表达的改变,起到对损伤脑组织的修复作用...     

马铃薯块茎性状的配合力分析

对马铃薯8个亲本利用完全双列杂交设计组配的36个组合的11个块茎性状的群体遗传和配合力效应进行研究。结果表明：①青薯5号、青薯6号、陇薯3号、陇薯6号具有较好的一般配合力效应,是理想的亲本材料。②组合08-14、08-18、08-25和08-33的块茎产量、淀粉含量具有较高的特殊配合力,产生较强的杂种优势。③一般配合力和特殊配合力之间没有明显的对应关系,两个由一般配合力高的亲本所组配的组合,其特殊配合力不一定高,但特殊配合力好的组合,至少有一个亲本的一般配合力较好。因此,要选择一般配合力高的亲本,在此基础上再考虑特殊配合力的大小。