小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞多潜能性的鉴定

目的:鉴定小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)的多分化潜能的起因.方法:从成年小鼠骨髓股骨、胫骨中分离MSCs,并进行原代培养,分别于0、2、4、6、8、10 d提取总RNA,通过RT-PCR检测多潜能特征基因和相关因子、3个胚层特征基因的mRNA的表达情况,以判断MSCs的特性.结果:小鼠MSCs中表达多能性标记基因Oc...     

Cardiovascular development: towards biomedical applicability

Advances in our understanding of cardiac development have fuelled research into cellular approaches to myocardial repair of the damaged heart. In this collection of reviews we present recent advances into the basic mechanisms of heart development and the resident and non-resident progenitor cell populations that are currently being investigated as potential mediators of cardiac repair. Together these reviews illustrate that despite our current knowledge about how the heart is constructed, caution and much more research in this exciting field is essential. The current momentum to evaluate the potential for cardiac repair will in turn accelerate research into fundamental aspects of myocardial biology.     

From endoderm to pancreas: a multistep journey

The formation of the vertebrate pancreas is a complex process that typifies the basic steps of embryonic development. It involves the establishment of competence, specification, signaling from neighboring tissues, morphogenesis, and the elaboration of tissue-specific genetic networks. A full analysis of this multistep process will help us to understand classic principles of embryonic development. Furthermore, this will provide the blueprint for experimental programming of pancreas formation from embryonic stem cells in the context of diabetes cell-therapy. Although in the past decade many studies have contributed to a solid foundation for understanding pancreatogenesis, important gaps persist in our knowledge of early pancreas formation. This review will summarize the current understanding of the early mechanisms coming into play to pattern the "pre-pancreatic" region within the endoderm and, gradually, specify the pancreatic tissue.     

菠萝蜜嫩茎离体培养的研究

在成龄的菠萝蜜树茎干上取徒长的嫩茎为外植体,研究了菠萝蜜嫩茎离体培养的条件.结果表明:外植体芽萌发的最适培养基为MS 6-BA 2.0 mg.L-1 KT 1.0 mg.L-1 NAA 0.5mg.L-1;暗培养有助于芽的萌发;芽增殖的较适宜培养基为MS 6-BA 2.0 mg.L-1 KT 1.0mg.L-1 NAA 0.1 mg.L-1,连续培养7代后,其芽的平均增殖系数为4.3;本试验中增殖芽的诱导生根较难,还有待进一步地研究.     

欧李幼茎组织培养的初步研究

以欧李幼茎为外植体,通过在培养基中添加不同浓度的激素,研究欧李的快速繁殖方法,结果显示,以B5培养基为基本培养基,并添加一定浓度的6-BA,使欧李表现出最佳的生长状态,可分化出较多的不定芽.     

成纤维细胞和ES细胞在小鼠和兔去核卵母细胞内发育

以昆明白小鼠成纤维细胞和胚胎干（ES）细胞作为供核细胞,以昆明白小鼠和日本大耳白兔的MⅡ期去核卵母细胞作为受体,采用核移植方法,构楚了克隆胚胎．在同种克隆中,以ES细胞为供核细胞的克隆胚胎卵裂率明显低于以成纤维细胞为供核细胞的克隆胚胎卵裂率（24．4％相对于56．9％,P〈0．05）,1．8％的ES细胞克隆胚胎发育到囊胚阶段,而成纤维细胞克隆胚胎没能发育到囊胚阶段;在异种克隆中,以ES细胞为供核细胞的克隆胚胎卵裂率（89．6％）和囊胚发育率（18．8％）明显高于以成纤维细胞为供核细胞的克隆胚胎卵裂率（54．2％）和囊胚发育率（4．2％）．     

Human stem cells as a model for cardiac differentiation and disease

Studies on identification, derivation and characterization of human stem cells in the last decade have led to high expectations in the field of regenerative medicine. Although it is clear that for successful stem cell-based therapy several obstacles have to be overcome, other opportunities lay ahead for the use of human stem cells. A more immediate application would be the development of human models for cell-type specific differentiation and disease in vitro. Cardiomyocytes can be generated from stem cells, which have been shown to follow similar molecular events of cardiac development in vivo. Furthermore, several monogenic cardiovascular diseases have been described, for which in vitro models in stem cells could be generated. Here, we will discuss the potential of human embryonic stem cells, cardiac stem cells and the recently described induced pluripotent stem cells as models for cardiac differentiation and disease. Received 07 August 2008; received after revision 26 September 2008; accepted 03 October 2008     

In vivo matrix-guided human mesenchymal stem cells

Microfracture of subchondral bone results in intrinsic repair of cartilage defects. Stem or progenitor cells from bone marrow have been proposed to be involved in this regenerative process. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that mesenchymal stem (MS) cells can in fact be recovered from matrix material saturated with cells from bone marrow after microfracture. This also introduces a new technique for MS cell isolation during arthroscopic treatment. MS cells were phenotyped using specific cell surface antibodies. Differentiation of the MS cells into the adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic lineage could be demonstrated by cultivation of MS cells as a monolayer, as micromass bodies or mesenchymal microspheres. This study demonstrates that MS cells can be attracted to a cartilage defect by guidance of a collagenous matrix after perforating subchondral bone. Protocols for application of MS cells in restoration of cartilage tissue include an initial invasive biopsy to obtain the MS cells and time-wasting in vitro proliferation and possibly differentiation of the cells before implantation. The new technique already includes attraction of MS cells to sites of cartilage defects and therefore may overcome the necessity of in vitro proliferation and differentiation of MS cells prior to transplantation. Received 3 November 2005; received after revision 15 December 2005; accepted 4 January 2006     

热带地区几个珍贵树种干形曲线研究

准确描述热带珍贵树种的林木干形变化,可为预估各材种数量、蓄积量及合理造材提供支撑。以热带格木、红锥和柚木3个珍贵树种,共120株解析木为研究对象,利用简单削度方程、分段削度方程和可变指数削度方程分别构建格木、红锥和柚木3个热带树种的干形曲线方程,通过相关指数、剩余残差平方和、平均残差、残差方差和均方误差统计量比较分析,找出最佳削度模型作为3个树种最终的干形曲线方程,并对各曲线变化趋势进行了初步的定量分析。结果表明,所选的3类典型基础模型对每个树种的预估效果都很好,其中基于双因素自动优选法拟合且以分段削度方程构建的干形曲线预估效果最好。3个树种的干形曲线变化趋势表明:相对高在(0~0.8)时,柚木干形变化最大,红锥干形变化最小,格木干形介于二者之间;当相对高0.8时,红锥干形变化最大,格木和柚木干形变化几乎相同。因此,基于双因素自动优选法拟合的分段削度方程可作为3种热带树种的干形曲线方程,用于3种珍贵树种活立木蓄积量和材种数量的估计,以及指导合理造材。     

核膜蛋白决定果蝇生殖干细胞命运的作用机制

核膜蛋白在染色体组织、基因表达调控、信号传递等过程中起着非常重要的作用。然而，这些蛋白在体内的具体生理功能仍然不清楚。本研究发现，核膜蛋白Otefin是果蝇生殖干细胞维持所必需的。作为一个内源因子，它在调节果蝇生殖干细胞命运时，既是充分的，也是必要的。数据显示，ote通过抑制bam基因的转录来调节BMP／Dpp信号通路。通过结构分析我们发现，Ote蛋白的核膜定位对于它维持干细胞的功能是必需的。最后，我们发现Ote是通过在bam沉默子上与Med／Smad4相互作用来调节干细胞命运的。研究结果证明，核膜蛋白的特定组分通过介导信号依赖的转录抑制来控制干细胞的行为。