现代生物技术应用于医药及生殖生物学领域的研究

论述了现代生物技术应用于医药及生殖生物学领域研究取得的新成果与新进展,包括基因治疗、基因工程药物开发及干细胞应用于生殖生物学领域,对这些新成果进行了评述,展望了其未来发展。     

干细胞移植引发的伦理思考暨解决之道

干细胞移植对再生医学的发展有重要意义,但围绕胚胎干细胞的研究也产生了许多道德争论。涉及胚胎干细胞来源的伦理争议主要包括胚胎有无生命、道德地位等;干细胞的实际应用中的伦理问题主要包括会不会损害提供者的隐私权等。我国迫切需要建立符合国情的政策法规体系,包括制定更为完善的法律来限制和监管干细胞移植的临床治疗,对医院和医生的手术资格和能力进行审查,成立专门委员会对医疗事故进行责任鉴定等。     

外源性干细胞因子对糖尿病胃轻瘫大鼠胃窦Cajal细胞的影响

目的探讨外源性干细胞因子（SCF）能否改善糖尿病胃轻瘫（DGP）大鼠胃窦Cajal细胞（ICC）的异常病变。方法sD大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组，实验组腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）50mg／kg并高糖高脂饲料不规律喂养构建DGP模型，对照组腹腔注射等量生理盐水并普通饲料规律喂养。成模后随机分为糖尿病组（DM组）、糖尿病＋外源性干细胞因子治疗组（DM＋SCF组）；DM＋SCF纽腹腔注射SCF0．4ug／（kg·d），共15天，对照组和DM纽每天腹腔注射等量的磷酸盐缓冲液（pH=7．4）。RT-PCR、Wester Dblot检测胃窦组织中SCF及c—kit的mRNA及蛋白表达；免疫组化、透射电镜观察胃窦组织中Cajal细胞的变化。结果DM组大鼠胃窦组织SCF及c—kit的mRNA及蛋白表达下降，Cajal细胞数量减少，细胞内线粒体肿胀、内质网扩张；予外源性SCF干预后，胃窦组织中SCF及C—kjf的mRNA及蛋白表达上调，caial细胞数量增多、超微结构明显改善。结论外源性SCF能在一定程度上改善或逆转糖尿病胃轻瘫大鼠胃窦Cajal细胞的异常病变：     

Induction-dependent neural marker expression and electrophysiological characteristics of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells that naturally express high levels of nestin

Under certain experimental conditions, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) express neuronal phenotypes and neuronal markers, which suggests that they could be used to treat various neurological diseases. In the present study, MSCs were isolated from adult rat bone marrow, cultivated, and evaluated for neurotrophin expression profiles, as well as the potential to differentiate into functional neuronal-like cells in vitro. MSCs from passage 5 were pre-induced with DMEM/F12 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 10 ng/mL bFGF (fibroblast growth factor-2). Subsequently, a chemical inductor containing Dimethyl Sulphoxide (DMSO), Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA) and forskolin were used to induce neural expression of MSCs. Expression patterns of nestin, NF-200, and GFAP at time points before and after induction were detected by immunofluorescence. Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expressions in MSCs were evaluated by RT-PCR. The whole-cell patch clamp technique was utilized to elucidate the electrical behavior of MSC before and after 24-h differentiation induction. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that MSCs expressed nestin (57.1% ± 6.9%), but not NF-200 or GFAP. Following neural induction, the cells exhibited a neuronal-like appearance. Nestin and NF-200 expression was positive in the neuronal-like cells, but GFAP expression was negative. After 6-, 12- and 24-h induction, the ratio of nestin-positive cells was 96.5% ± 1.9%, 88.1% ± 5.4%, and 33.5% ± 5.4%. NF-200 positive cells were 90.1% ± 2.9%, 97.5% ± 1.3%, and 98.1% ± 1.6%, respectively. However, prior to induction, MSCs already expressed NGF and BDNF. With a stimulus impulse of 40 mV, the density of the transient outward K current was (9.95 ± 4.85) pA/pF (n = 9) and (328.50 ± 30.62) pA/pF (n = 9) before and after induction, and the density of transient calcium ion currents was (−0.059 ± 0.027) pA/pF (n = 7) and (−6.66 ± 0.50) pA/pF (n = 7), respectively. Transient outward potassium currents and calcium ions currents gradually increased following induction. In addition, MSCs isolated from bone marrow exhibited characteristics of neuronal progenitor cells and expressed neurotrophins. These cells exhibited the capacity to differentiate into functional neuronal-like cells in vitro. These results suggested that MSCs express high levels of nestin and could be utilized for therapeutic strategies to treat nervous system diseases.     

人干细胞生长因子的克隆与表达

干细胞生长因子能够刺激激造血干细胞生长，并与多种细胞因子有协同作用。研究中，运用ＰＣＲ手段，从中国人胎肝ｍＲＮＡ中扩增得到编码人ＳＣＦ全部胞外部分的ｃＤＮＡ。经测序鉴定后，将其克隆人表达载体ｐＲＳＥＴ－Ｃ，并在大肠杆菌ＤＥ３菌株进行表达。     

大倾角厚煤层条件下巷道布置改革的前景

现阶段,随着赋存条件＂优越＂煤层储量的减少,大倾角厚煤层开采逐渐得到重视。现有的大倾角厚煤层开采技术存在着一系列问题,从而导致煤矿回采率低,安全性差,成本高。针对这一情况,提出改革大倾角厚煤层巷道布置及回采工艺以解决目前实际生产中存在的一些技术难题。     

柠条锦鸡儿不同部位茎段水力结构特征的比较研究

比较荒漠植物柠条锦鸡儿不同部位茎段的水力结构特征.研究表明：随着茎木质部横截面面积增大,柠条锦鸡儿的胡伯尔值、比导率和叶比导率增加.柠条锦鸡儿存在着水分运输的限速区;限速区胡伯尔值高于非限速区,比导率和叶比导率低于非限速区.柠条锦鸡儿的水分运输主要受到分叉区（限速区）和枝条末端的细枝限制.     

芦笋老茎培养料对姬松茸产量、多糖含量和抗氧化性的影响

设计了以芦笋老茎为主料,棉籽壳、玉米芯、干牛粪和杂木屑为辅料的4种培养料栽培姬松茸,玉米秸秆培养料作为对照.结果表明姬松茸在芦笋老茎和玉米秸秆培养料上的产量没有明显差异(P＜0.05);添加棉籽壳或干牛粪的芦笋老茎培养料其姬松茸产量明显高于添加杂木屑或玉米芯的芦笋老茎培养料(P＜0.05).芦笋老茎培养料上栽培得到的姬松茸子实体的抗氧化性明显高于对照培养料上栽培得到的子实体的抗氧化性(P＜0.05),但多糖含量却明显低于对照(P＜0.05);4种辅料对姬松茸子实体的多糖含量和抗氧化性有一定的影响.     

青天葵走茎诱导与增殖的初步探究

目的:初步探究适合青天葵走茎诱导与增殖的激素配比和方法,为青天葵大规模组织培养提供原材料和工厂化育苗提供技术支撑.方法:以青天葵叶片、叶柄、球茎、根为外植体进行走茎诱导,同时探究不同激素配比对走茎增殖及走茎诱导球茎的影响.结果:在走茎诱导中以球茎为原材料诱导效果较好,诱导率为83.33%,以MS+6-BA1.0 mg/L+IBA2.0 mg/L和MS+6-BA1.0 mg/L+2,4-D1.0 mg/L作为基本培养诱导效果较佳;在走茎的继代增殖中以MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+2,4-D0.5mg/L的效果较好,增殖倍数可达到20.47;在MS+0.2 mg/L6-BA的基本培养基中加入2,4-D1.0mg/L和IBA0.5mg/L能使走茎诱导产生球茎,并且在加入2,4-D1.0mg/L的培养基中诱导产生的球茎数量及直径较明显.     

植物根尖分生组织干细胞调控模式

静止中心(QC)形成和干细胞区特化是植物根尖分生组织确立的标志。静止中心位于根尖分生组织中心,干细胞围绕在静止中心细胞周围。依赖于生长素的PLT途径和不依赖于生长素的SCR/SHR途径共同发挥维持静止中心细胞稳定的作用。静止中心和干细胞区的柱干细胞之间存在类似于WUS/CLV3的WOX5/ACR4/CLE40的反馈抑制调节途径,该调节途径维持着静止中心细胞和柱干细胞之间的平衡。静止中心和其他类型干细胞之间也可能存在类似的反馈抑制调节途径。生长素、细胞分裂素、赤霉素等植物激素信号在根干细胞功能发挥方面也起到重要作用,与各种基因一起组成根分生组织干细胞调控网络。