Optimal maintenance and replacement of extraction machinery

This paper considers a problem of optimal preventive maintenance and replacement schedule of equipment devoted to extracting resources from known deposits. Typical examples are oil drills, mine shovels, etc. At most one replacement of the existing machinery by a new one is allowed. The problem is formulated as an optimal control problem subject to the state constraint that the remaining deposit at any given time is nonnegative. We show that the optimal preventive maintenance, production rates, and the replacement and salvage times of the existing machinery and the new one, if required, can be obtained by solving sequentially a series of free-end-point optimal control problems. Moreover, an algorithm based on this result is developed and used to solve two illustrative examples.     

一种基于身份的数字签名算法研究

文电处理系统是一种用于作战命令及文书快速传送和快速处理的通信系统,该系统需要具备可靠、高效且适合移动设备的身份认证机制。针对该安全问题,利用基于身份的密码体制,提出了一个基于身份的数字签名方案。该方案系统开销小,运算量低,与同类方案比较也具有较好的效率。安全与性能分析表明,该方案是安全高效的,适合于在文电处理系统中使用。     

用于连续域优化的蚁群算法及其收敛性研究

蚁群算法作为一种新的智能计算模式,由于其离散性本质而在组合优化问题上取得巨大成功,但这也限制了它在连续问题求解中的应用.为此,提出一种用于连续域寻优的改进蚁群算法.算法的局部搜索基于解决离散问题的经典蚁群优化思想,全局搜索利用Ant Walk和Ant Diffusion技术, 且每代寻优结束后均采用"精英策略"把本代最优个体保留到下一代中.最后在理论上对其进行了收敛性分析,证明可较快地收敛到全局最优解,并用几个基准函数对算法做了仿真测试,均取得良好效果.     

一种新型的速度和加速度估计器

将扩张状态观测器和递归线性平滑牛顿预测器相结合,形成了一种新型的速度和加速度估计器,它在跟踪位移和估计速度的同时能一并估计出加速度.虽然扩张状态观测器本身对量测噪声已经具有较好的滤波特性,但为了减小时间延迟,不能使滤波参数过大,这样会使估计出的加速度噪声稍高,需再用递归线性平滑牛顿预测器对加速度进行二次滤波.仿真结果表明,由扩张状态观测器和递归线性平滑牛顿预测器构成的滤波估计器在仅有位置量测信号且在噪声较大的情况下能有效地估计出速度和加速度,最终得到的速度和加速度估计信噪比高且时间延迟小.该估计器主要用于运动控制和机动目标跟踪中.     

Preface

Different from traditional tax audit, supervision with self-audit is a combination of audit by the taxpayer himself and audit by the tax authority. This paper mainly studies a taxpayer’s optimal policy of tax evasion under supervision with self-audit and its related properties, in order to deduce some effective suggestions and theoretical bases to restrain tax evasion. Assuming that only a certain proportion of evaded tax can be discovered when the audit is executed, the authors first formulate a static model with self-audit. This model is divided into two stages. At the first stage, taxpayers declare their taxes, then the tax authority chooses audit objects, based on a known probability, and announces the result; if the taxpayer is chosen, he will enter the second stage, during which he has a chance to pay the evaded tax and the corresponding late fees and then is audited by the tax authority. The authors show the existence and uniqueness of the optimal amount of tax evasion at the first stage and the optimal proportion to self-expose at the second stage. The authors also discuss the related properties of the interior solution, and do elasticity analyses on some parameters. Besides, the authors extend the static model into the corresponding two-period model, and study the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the extended model. Finally, under the assumption that tax evasion can only be discovered with a certain probability when the audit is executed, the authors formulate another static model with self-audit and investigate its properties. This research is partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 60674082, 70221001, and 70731003.     

Tax Evasion: Models with Self-Audit

Different from traditional tax audit, supervision with self-audit is a combination of audit by the taxpayer himself and audit by the tax authority. This paper mainly studies a taxpayer＇s optimal policy of tax evasion under supervision with self-audit and its related properties, in order to deduce some effective suggestions and theoretical bases to restrain tax evasion. Assuming that only a certain proportion of evaded tax can be discovered when the audit is executed, the authors first formulate a static model with self-audit. This model is divided into two stages. At the first stage, taxpayers declare their taxes, then the tax authority chooses audit objects, based on a known probability, and announces the result; if the taxpayer is chosen, he will enter the second stage, during which he has a chance to pay the evaded tax and the corresponding late fees and then is audited by the tax authority. The authors show the existence and uniqueness of the optimal amount of tax evasion at the first stage and the optimal proportion to self-expose at the second stage. The authors also discuss the related properties of the interior solution, and do elasticity analyses on some parameters. Besides, the authors extend the static model into the corresponding two-period model, and study the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the extended model. Finally, under the assumption that tax evasion can only be discovered with a certain probability when the audit is executed, the authors formulate another static model with self-audit and investigate its properties.     

节能减排政策制定部门的协同有效性——基于1195条节能减排政策的研究

依据收集的1978年至2013年间颁布的1195条节能减排政策,采用统计分析和合著网络分析方法分析了各节能减排政策制定核心部门与其他部门的协同情况.在对各部门制定节能减排政策过程中的协同程度进行量化的基础上,通过构建模型深层次研究了发改委、财政部及环保部等政策制定核心部门两两协同对节能绩效的影响和对减排绩效的影响,探究了环保部与其他节能减排政策制定部门协同的效果.研究表明:改革开放以来,节能减排政策制定部门之间的协同逐渐得到了政府的重视,我国节能减排政策的部门协同现象呈现波动式上升趋势;在节能减排政策制定的协同过程中,财政部、发改委和环保部扮演着环境治理的"铁三角"角色,环保部作为节能减排工作的主要承担部门,与其他部门协同的程度小于财政部和发改委等掌握权力和资源的部门,且环保部与其他两部门的协同对节能减排绩效的影响尚不显著;节能和减排两大技术领域之间并不存在直接对等的关系,同两部门间的协同对节能的影响和对减排的影响存在显著性不同,相关部门在制定节能减排政策时有待进一步认识二者的差异以提高节能减排的效率.本文还从深化部门合作、强化相关部门作用及提高政策的针对性等方面提出了对策建议.     

改进差分进化算法求解化工间歇与连续混合生产过程调度问题

采用统一时间离散化方法,用改进的差分进化算法求解带有限中间存储的连续生产过程和间歇生产过程混合的化工生产调度问题.提出随机产生符合容量约束的任务队列组成染色体的新的编码方式,采用块交叉和块变异进化操作. 为了提高算法全局收敛能力,该文对算法的选择操作进行了改进,并通过Logisic混沌映射方法获得交叉算子CR的取值. 最后,通过化工算例仿真来说明模型和算法的有效性.     

Near-optimal cumulative longitude low-thrust orbit transfer

The indirect method for the continuous low-thrust near minimum cumulative longitude orbit transfer problem is addressed. The movement of the satellite is described by the Gauss equation using the modified equinoctial elements and replacing time as the system independent variable by the cumulative longitude. The maximum principle is adapted to design the optimal control in order to minimize the final cumulative longitude, and the twopoint- boundary-value problem is derived from the orbit transfer problem. The single shooting method is applied in a numerical experiment, and the simulations demonstrate that the orbit transfer mission is fulfilled and the product of the maximal thrust and the minimum cumulative longitude is near constant.     

基于多普勒频移的双基地声纳目标速度测量

针对单基地声纳仅可获得目标的径向速度以及双基地声纳有大量冗余信息的问题,提出利用单/双基地复合工作的声纳系统求解目标二维速度矢量（速度大小、航向）的方法。为了获得目标的二维速度矢量,在双基地声纳系统中,分析了双基地声纳多普勒频移的特性,并与单基地作了比较;结合单、双基地所获得的多普勒频移特性信息,给出了目标二维速度矢量的两种计算方法;并对目标速度测量误差进行了分析。结果表明,采用单/双基地复合工作的声纳系统,可以完成目标二维速度矢量的测量,而测量误差则与系统的频移分辨力及目标与收、发基地间的相对位置有关。