轴向超声振动辅助钻削机理与试验研究

针对传统钻削过程中经常出现断屑、排屑困难以及加工质量差等问题, 提出了轴向超声振动辅助钻削加工方法,并研究了其运动特性和断屑机理.利用自行设计的轴向超声振动辅助钻削系统对45号钢进行了传统钻削与轴向超声振动辅助钻削的对比试验.从孔的粗糙度、表面微观形貌、切屑形态等方面进行研究.结果表明,相对于传统钻削,轴向超声振动辅助钻削能有效降低孔表面粗糙度,改善孔表面微观形貌.另外,对试验结果进行方差分析,结果显示主轴转速和超声振幅对孔表面粗糙度有显著影响,其中当振幅在20μm,主轴转速在450r/min时加工效果最好.     

Water erosion mechanism of mild carbon steels induced by micro-particles

To clarify the water erosion mechanism of the mild carbon steels, the water erosion experiments were performed by using deionized water as steam source. The results showed that under the damage threshold velocity of liquid impact, the material surface would not be destroyed. However, when the micro-particles were added into the steam, the pits appeared on the surface soon. By comparison, it is found that the pits are quite different from those induced by micro-particles impact without steam, but similar to those induced by cavitation erosion. The results indicated that the water erosion mechanism was similar to that of cavitation erosion under the damage threshold velocity. The micro-particles carry the micro-bubbles to approach the surface of the material, and the micro-bubbles collapse and generate micro-jet to impinge vertically on the surface, which lead to the produce of pits.     

Effect of different atmospheres on dry friction behavior of steel sliding against brass at high speed

The atmosphere components have an influence on tribological behaviors of tribo-pairs. Through changing the atmosphere component, the effect of atmosphere component on the tribological behaviors of CrNiMo steel against brass at high sliding velocity was investigated. The wear test was carried out on a high-speed friction and wear test rig whose test atmosphere could be controlled. The tests were performed at four sliding velocities （30, 40, 50, 60 m/s）, one contact pressure （1.33 MPa） and two atmosphere components （N2 or O2）. The morphologies of the worn surfaces of various pins were observed with a scanning electron microscope. The chemical compositions of the surfaces and subsurfaces for steels were determined with an energy dispersion spectroscopy. The results showed that the wear rate of the steel pins were low all the time with the sliding velocity increasing in oxygen atmosphere, and that the wear rate of the steel pin in nitrogen atmosphere was higher than that of the steel pin in oxygen atmosphere. It was found that the thin and compact oxidation layer formed on the worn surface of the steel in oxygen atmosphere played a key role in wear resistance. However, the wear rate of the steel pin increased rapidly with the sliding velocity increasing in nitrogen atmosphere, which was attributed to the thick and loose surface layer formed on the worn surface of the steel.     

两种孔型蜂窝钢柱承载力研究分析

利用ANSYS的有限元分析方法,对扩张比为1.5的圆形孔及六边形孔的蜂窝钢柱在轴心受压和压弯状态下的极限承载力进行了研究计算,并与扩张前的实腹钢柱承载力进行对比分析.研究结果表明,扩张后的蜂窝钢柱的承载力比原实腹钢柱承载力有大幅度的提高,两种孔型蜂窝钢柱承载力相近.     

钢筋宏电池腐蚀锈坑的二维模型及其断裂性能

钢筋的疲劳断裂行为与其裂纹周边的局部性能密切相关,为了研究产生宏电池腐蚀后钢筋的疲劳断裂性能,本文在试验研究的基础上提出了钢筋产生局部锈蚀后纵向锈坑尺寸的二维模型;基于理论分析得到了用于表征钢筋局部锈坑处Ⅰ型裂纹端点区域应力应变场强度的应力强度因子表达式.     

高温循环变形对JLF-1钢微观结构的影响

低活性铁素体/马氏体钢,JLF-1,是聚变堆和超临界水冷堆的候选结构材料,高温循环软化现象是设计必须考虑的因素之一.为掌握JLF-1钢高温循环变形机理,本文采用透射电镜对JLF-1钢高温低周疲劳后样品的微观结构进行了分析,发现JLF-1钢的循环软化现象与位错密度、位错胞、板条宽度有关 其峰值拉应力与位错密度、板条宽度呈函数关系.     

腹板开孔标准轻钢龙骨力学性能比较研究

腹板开孔轻钢龙骨作为一种有效的节能构件而被广泛应用于寒冷地区的轻钢龙骨复合住宅体系中.采用ANSYS非线性有限元方法系统分析了在轴压、弯矩、压弯基本荷载作用下,腹板开孔对标准轻钢龙骨的屈曲模式、变形、截面应力、承载力等方面力学性能的影响规律,给出龙骨腹板孔洞的合理取值范围.结果表明,常用孔洞参数范围内腹板开孔对龙骨承载力的降低幅度可以控制在10%以内;腹板开孔后龙骨整体变形能力降低,峰值应变相应减小,使龙骨的初始刚度略微增大.腹板孔洞长度是影响龙骨力学性能的重要参数,随孔洞长度增加,龙骨承载力下降,延性变差.     

落地式钢筒仓卸料的模型试验研究

进行了落地式钢筒仓模型的卸料试验,通过改变卸料口的直径和位置研究了8种不同卸料状况下仓壁应变随时间的变化情况.采用全站仪较精确地测定了钢筒仓模型的几何形状,确定了钢筒仓模型的初始缺陷,证明了初始缺陷对钢筒仓模型应变具有较大的影响.通过对各种卸料状况下仓壁应变随时间变化的比较分析表明,卸料口的大小以及卸料口的偏心位置对于不同位置处仓壁的应变具有不同的影响,在0.8倍筒仓直径至1.6倍筒仓直径的高度范围内仓壁应变随时间变化比较剧烈,在偏心卸料时靠近卸料口位置的仓壁应变变化比较剧烈,仓壁动态应变的最大变化量约为静态应变的3-4倍.试验研究表明在实际工程中应充分考虑偏心卸料对仓壁受力性能带来的巨大影响.     

Q235管线钢焊接接头微区电化学行为

研究了燃气旧管道Q235管线钢焊接接头各个微观区域在土壤模拟溶液中的电化学行为.测量了各个微区的极化曲线,测定了相关的电化学参数.结果表明,各区域的Ecorr由低至高和icorr由大至小的顺序依次为:熔合线,不完全正火区,过热区,正火区,回火区,母材,焊缝区.同一个焊接接头的七个不同热经历区域暴露于同一电解质时,也将构成一个多电极体系.其中,熔合线和不完全正火区将成为复杂多电极体系形成的原电池中的阳极,最可能遭受到优先的腐蚀溶解;焊缝区和母材区则是原电池中的阴极,腐蚀敏感性低且在一定程度上受到阴极保护.     

温度对Q235钢在大港土中腐蚀行为和机理的影响

利用极化曲线、线性极化和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究了Q235钢在20～70℃、含水20%的大港土中的腐蚀行为.实验表明:Q235钢的腐蚀电流密度随温度升高而增大,线性极化电阻Rp及电荷转移电阻Rt随温度升高而减小;在阳极极化100～200 mV区间,Q235钢的电极过程受到了一定阻滞,E～lgI曲线在该极化区间内的斜率随温度升高而呈指数衰减;利用腐蚀电流密度和线性极化电阻所计算的Stern公式中的B值要大于活性区均匀腐蚀所对应的B值,在实验温度范围内,其数值基本维持在44.2 mV左右;线性极化电阻Rp是整个电极反应过程的综合体现,在含水20%的大港土中,由于受扩散过程控制,Rp的数值要比电荷转移电阻Rt大得多.