关于复杂系统宏观与微观描述的一个结论

一个复杂系统可以从微观单元出发进行刻画，也可以从宏观角度来描写。本文一般性地讨论了这两种描述的关系，给出具有不同微观基础的宏观变量之间存在函数关系的条件，指出具有不同微观基础的宏观变量之间可能没有确定的函数关系，也不能简单地将微观变量的函数关系应用到宏观变量，要特别注意基于数据回归得到的宏观总量关系的使用条件。     

FROM MANUFACTURING SCHEDULING TO SUPPLY CHAIN COORDINATION：THE CONTROL OF COMPLEXITY AND UNCERTAINTY

With time-based competition and rapid technology advancements, effective manufacturingscheduling and supply chain coordination are critical to quickly respond to changing marketconditions. These problems, however, are difficult in view of inherent complexity and variousuncertainties involved. Based on a series of results by the authors, decomposition and coordination byusing Lagrangian relaxation is identified in this paper as an effective way to control complexity anduncertainty.A manufacturing scheduling problem is first formulated within the job shop context withuncertain order arrivals, processing times, due dates, and part priorities as a separable optimizationproblem. A solution methodology that combines Lagrangian relaxation, stochastic dynamicprogramming, and heuristics is developed. Method improvements to effectively solve large problemsare also highlighted. To extend manufacturing scheduling within a factory to coordinate autonomicmembers across chains of suppliers, a decentralized supply chai     

海量信息系统与复杂性研究

对海量信息系统在未来信息技术领域中的地位和作用做了简明的阐述。海量信息系统是目前国际互联网基础上将要更快更广泛发展起来的信息技术。对海量信息系统的研究具有一定的前瞻性，是一项很有前途的技术。对海量信息研究中可能存在的复杂性问题做了简要的探索。     

船舶自动化电站系统仿真

应用系统建模技术和计算机系统仿真技术，在研究了某大型船舶电力系统的基础上，运用MATLAB软件，结合船舶柴油机发电机组和异步电动机的特性，完成了船舶自动化电站系统的建模。实现的船舶自动化电站仿真器系统特性与实际系统特性接近。该系统对船舶轮机员技术培训和船舶电力系统的故障分析具有很高的价值。     

复杂性问题研究实践与认识论、方法论反思

概述笔者从事两项复杂性问题研究的认识与实践 :一是辩证唯物论认识论的指导作用与系统科学的中介作用 ,不容忽视 ;二是在预测和控制某些复杂系统行为的研究中 ,还原论与整体论结合的一个切入点和一种有效形式 ,是典型信息法。     

复杂性研究的新动向--基于主体的建模方法及其启迪

基于主体的建模方法（AMA，Agent-Based Modelling)，具有主动性、层次性、动态性、可操作性等优点，为人们认识和理解一大类复杂系统，即复杂适应系统（CAS，Complex Adaptive System)提供了富有启发性的新思路和新视角，对于社会、经济、生物、环境等由大量具有主动性的主体（Agent)组成的复杂系统来说，具有特别的意义。另一方面，在计算机技术迅速发展的直接推动下，出现了用于实施ABM方法的一系列软件平台，除众所周知的SWARM之外，还有ASCAPE、REPAST、TNG－lab等，这些平台的出现为ABM方法的推广应用提供了方便的条件。从方法论的角度来看，ABM方法也给我们提供了多方面的、有益的启迪。     

分形与复杂性

在科学的和隐喻的意义上讨论了四个问题：分形在整个复杂性研究中的地位，分形复杂在哪里？从分形看系统的时空复杂性，分形与自组织和他组织的关系。     

文化系统论要略——兼谈文化复杂性(一)

文化是人类社会的一种分系统,具有复杂巨系统的所有共性:开放性,巨型性,内在异质性,非线性,动态性,不确定性,以及这些特性整合起来所涌现的复杂性。文化不是物质性存在,而是信息性、意识性的存在,即观念形态的存在,具有观念形态特有的复杂性。本文以系统论的观点对文化作一纲要式的论述,同时考察文化系统的特殊复杂性。     

二滩水电站虚拟环境的实现

简要介绍了虚拟环境的基本概念,阐述了二滩水电站的虚拟环境在ＳＧＩ工作站平台的实现过程。     

Managing Complexity Through Methodic Participation: The Case of Air Quality in Santiago,Chile

Three concrete results have been achieved over a 5-year period in Santiago, Chile, in a process addressed to managing through participation the difficult air quality situation of this 5-million-person metropolis: (1) a highly complex problem has become manageable, (2) a legitimate and effective Prevention and Decontamination Plan is in operation, and (3) citizens and the government are mutually committed to this process. This paper describes how these results have been achieved by applying Innovative Development, a social systems methodology developed by the author and co-workers and applied in many fields over the last 20 years. Following a review of the problem and results that have been achieved, an explanation is offered for why a participative methodology is necessary for dealing with a highly complex problem like the current one. The fourth section provides a brief outline of the Innovative Development methodology. The last section presents the case itself, describing three stages. In the short space available we have tried to balance the practical, methodological, and conceptual issues of this case and this approach.