一种耐热低膨胀钢种的设计

通过对稠油热采井使用工况的研究,针对性设计了一种耐高温、低膨胀钢种.此钢种采用中碳Cr--Mo系加微量晶界强化合金元素及稀土的设计思路.实验室试验证明,其高温拉伸性能和线膨胀系数均较C--Mn系钢种优越,适用于稠油热采工况条件,有望用于稠油热采井专用套管的生产.     

预制预应力混凝土板组合梁受力性能试验研究

针对钢与混凝土连续组合梁负弯矩混凝土开裂问题提出了预制预应力混凝土板组合梁结构形式.为了对比和分析预制预应力混凝土板连续组合梁与常规连续组合梁力学性能的异同,进行了2根连续组合箱梁的静力试验.测试了在不同荷载作用下组合梁的变形、不同截面上构件的应变分布、混凝土的裂缝、钢与混凝土之间的相对滑移以及极限承载力等.由试验测试结果可得预制预应力混凝土板连续组合箱梁的初始开裂荷载和正常使用状态的极限荷载分别是普通连续组合梁的3.16倍和2.61倍.通过计算分析得到在相同预应力情况下的预制预应力混凝土板连续组合梁的开裂弯矩是常规预应力组合梁的1.54倍.     

火灾高温下隧道衬砌管片力学性能试验

为了获得隧道衬砌管片在火灾高温时的力学性能与响应,对钢筋混凝土及钢纤维混凝土两种管片开展了不同温度-荷载工况下的火灾试验研究.试验中升温曲线采用碳氢(HC)曲线.试验结果表明,在火灾高温作用下,衬砌管片的内力状态发生显著变化,相当于经历了加卸载作用,加重了损伤.初始预加荷载显著影响衬砌管片高温后承载力的大小,初始预加荷载越大,高温后的承载力越小,且钢筋混凝土管片高温后的承载力要大于钢纤维混凝土管片.对于钢筋混凝土管片,最高温度显著影响管片高温承载力的大小,最高温度越高,高温承载力越小;而对于钢纤维混凝土管片,最高温度的影响相对较小.     

蚕丝蛋白仿生多肽RAGA16的纳米结构与性能研究

利用天然蛋白质氨基酸序列设计生物仿生材料是近年来兴起的一个热门研究领域.本文中将蚕丝蛋白特征氨基酸序列(Gly-Ala-Gly-Ala-Gly-Ser)部分引入离子互补型多肽RA-DA16-Ⅰ中,设计了新型多肽RAGA16.采用原子力显微镜(AFM)、旋转流变仪(Rheometer)、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、倒置荧光显微镜等技术对多肽RAGA16的自组装结构、肽链的二级结构、流变学性能以及细胞相容性等进行研究.结果表明,蚕丝蛋白多肽序列引入后,多肽RAGA16具有自组装特性,能够自组装形成致密的纳米级三维网络结构,所形成的水凝胶力学性能明显提高,通过分析得知这可能是由于多肽二级结构中Silk Ⅰ结构成分比例增加所致.荧光染色显示,绝大多数接种于多肽水凝胶中的小鼠前成骨细胞MC3T3-E1能存活,且在不同的三维平面上生长增殖.综上,利用蚕丝蛋白特征序列对RADA16-Ⅰ进行仿生改性后,对拓展多肽材料在生物医学领域的应用具有重要意义.     

三环喹唑啉及其衍生物的电荷传输性质研究

使用电荷传输的半经典模型Marcus和密度泛函理论(DFT)方法,在B3LYP/631G**水平上对三环喹唑啉及其衍生物分子的电荷传输性质进行理论研究.结果显示,硫甲基取代分子的空穴传输和电子传输速率常数相当,速率常数为1.77×1012 s-1,预示可设计成空穴传输和电子传输材料.羟基取代、烷氧基取代、巯基取代分子的空穴传输载流子迁移率μ+与速率常数k+,比苯并菲(TOH)和六氮杂苯并菲(HATOH)液晶分子约大1个数量级,比其电子传输大近2个数量级,显示选择三环喹唑啉为刚性中心核合成盘状液晶半导体材料     

泥石粉对人工砂混凝土工作性及力学性能的影响

利用亚甲蓝试验和比表面积试验测试泥石粉中泥粉的含量及特性.采用最少浆体理论设计人工砂混凝土配合比,测试泥石粉掺量变化对人工砂混凝土工作性及力学性能的影响.研究表明:含有一定量非膨胀性泥粉的泥石粉可以作为人工砂混凝土的掺合料;适量的泥石粉有利于改善人工砂混凝土的工作性;随着泥石粉掺量增大,人工砂混凝土的抗压强度、轴压强度、劈拉强度及弹性模量均逐渐增大,掺入过多的泥石粉会使人工砂混凝土力学性能有所下降.在人工砂混凝土中掺入泥石粉可以减少水泥用量,降低人工砂混凝土成本,并有利于保护环境.     

石膏模-混凝土组合空腹楼盖用磷石膏力学特性研究

对石膏模-混凝土组合楼盖用磷石膏的抗压强度与含水率的关系、抗压强度取值、弹性模量取值、石膏与混凝土之间两类抗剪连接件受力性能进行了试验研究。研究结果表明,磷石膏的抗压强度随含水率的减小而增大,且随着含水率的降低,磷石膏的强度增加幅值越来越大,大致呈对数函数关系;磷石膏具有较好的抗压性能,其抗压强度较高,抗压强度可取4.8MPa,且受力过程中有明显的弹性阶段,根据曲线,其弹性模量取值约550MPa;对混凝土与石膏间的两类剪力连接件进行推出试验,结果表明两类连接件具有相同的抗剪强度,而B类连接件比A类连接件连接效果优越,试验数据比较稳定,最终以石膏破坏而导致构件破坏,连接件较为可靠。     

Compound machining of silicon carbide ceramics by high speed end electrical discharge milling and mechanical grinding

A compound process that integrates end electrical discharge (ED) milling and mechanical grinding to machine silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics is developed in this paper. The process employs a turntable with several uniformly-distributed cylindrical copper electrodes and abrasive sticks as the tool, and uses a water-based emulsion as the machining fluid. End electrical discharge milling and mechanical grinding happen alternately and are mutually beneficial, so the process is able to effectively machine a large surface area on SiC ceramic with a good surface quality. The machining principle and characteristics of the technique are introduced. The effects of polarity, pulse duration, pulse interval, open-circuit voltage, discharge current, diamond grit size, emulsion concentration, emulsion flux, milling depth and tool stick number on performance parameters such as the material removal rate, tool wear ratio, and surface roughness have been investigated. In addition, the microstructure of the machined surface under different machining conditions is examined with a scanning electron microscope and an energy dispersive spectrometer. The SiC ceramic was mainly removed by end ED milling during the initial rough machining mode, whereas it is mainly removed by mechanical grinding during the later finer machining mode; moreover, the tool material can transfer to the workpiece surface during the compound process.     

Nonlinear optical properties of graphene-based materials

Graphene,a two-dimensional carbon atom sheet,has attracted tremendous attention and research interest because of its exceptional physical properties.Graphene has high mobility and optical transparency,in addition to flexibility,robustness and environmental stability.The main focus so far has been on fundamental physics and electronic devices.However,because the linear dispersion of the Dirac electrons enables ultrawideband tunability,we believe its true potential lies in photonics and optoelectronics.In this review,we introduce recent advances in the nonlinear optical properties of graphene-based materials.The rise of graphene in nonlinear optics is shown by several recent results,ranging from saturable absorbers and the four-wave mixing effect to giant two-photon absorption,reverse saturable absorption and optical limiting.The relevant forms of the graphene-based materials include pure graphene,graphene oxide and graphene hybrids.     

Formation and mechanical properties of Zr-based bulk metallic glass composites with high oxygen levels

Zr-based bulk metallic glass(BMG) composites with in situ formed Y 2 O 3 particle reinforcements were synthesized by proper additions of Y to ultrahigh-oxygen-containing glass-forming alloy precursors.Microstructures,thermal stabilities,and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated.Glass formation was greatly enhanced by Y additions in the alloys and the resultant particles were homogenously distributed in the glassy matrix,allowing for the fabrication of oxide dispersion strengthened BMG composites.The compressive strength and hardness increased by 10% and 20%,respectively,with the introduction of Y 2 O 3 particles.These results are significant for the design and production of Zr-based BMGs and BMG composites with improved properties using commercial high-oxygen content raw materials under industrial conditions.