Effect of microstructure on the low temperature toughness of high strength pipeline steels

Microstructure observations and drop-weight tear test were performed to study the microstructures and mechanical properties of two kinds of industrial X70 and two kinds of industrial X80 grade pipeline steels. The effective grain size and the fraction of high angle grain boundaries in the pipeline steels were investigated by electron backscatter diffraction analysis. It is found that the low temperature toughness of the pipeline steels depends not only on the effective grain size, but also on other microstructural factors such as martensite-austenite (MA) constituents and precipitates. The morphology and size of MA constituents significantly affect the mechanical properties of the pipeline steels. Nubby MA constituents with large size have significant negative effects on the toughness, while smaller granular MA constituents have less harmful effects. Similarly, larger Ti-rich nitrides with sharp corners have a strongly negative effect on the toughness, while fine, spherical Nb-rich carbides have a less deleterious effect. The low temperature toughness of the steels is independent of the fraction of high angle grain boundaries.     

一种新型结构材料S280

 S280 是一种超高强度不锈钢, 采用低碳马氏体相变强化和时效强化叠加, 靠析出强化获得所需的强度。使用状态下的基体组织为低碳板条马氏体, 主要强化相为Fe₂Mo 等, 抗拉强度σ_b为1920～1930 MPa, 断裂韧度K_IC为95～100 MPa √m, 具有比300M 和AerMet100 更好的耐腐蚀性能, 主要用于抗腐蚀性能要求高的超高强度构件。     

Effect of aluminum oxide on the compressive strength of pellets

Analytical-reagent-grade Al₂O₃ was added to magnetite ore during the process of pelletizing, and the methods of mercury intrusion, scanning electron microscopy, and image processing were used to investigate the effect of Al₂O₃ on the compressive strength of the pellets. The results showed that, as the Al₂O₃ content increased, the compressive strength of the pellets increased slightly and then decreased gradually. When a small amount of Al₂O₃ was added to the pellets, the Al₂O₃ combined with fayalite (2FeO·SiO₂) and the aluminosilicate (2FeO·2Al₂O₃·5SiO₂) was generated, which releases some iron oxide and reduces the inhibition of fayalite to the solid phase of consolidation. When Al₂O₃ increased sequentially, high melting point of Al₂O₃ particles hinder the oxidation of Fe₃O₄ and the recrystallization of Fe2O3, making the internal porosity of the pellets increase, which leads to the decrease in compressive strength of the pellets.     

低渗气藏水平井二项式产能方程修正

低渗气藏普遍存在启动压力梯度和应力敏感现象,而目前低渗气藏水平井二项式产能方程却未完全考虑这两个因素的影响,导致计算出的无阻流量出现较大偏差,单井合理产能认识不准。从低渗气藏渗流理论出发,在 Forchheimer 渗流方程中引入启动压力梯度和应力敏感系数,推导了含启动压力梯度和应力敏感的低渗气藏水平井产能修正方程。以川西某气藏岩芯实验数据和某水平井试井资料为基础,在考虑启动压力梯度时,采用修正方程计算出的无阻流量较常规二项式产能方程降低了9.44%;而在考虑应力敏感时,其无阻流量降低了35.08%;同时考虑两个因素影响时,无阻流量更是降低了43.41%;计算结果表明,运用修正后的方程计算的无阻流量与常规方法计算结果存在一定的差异性,建议使用修正的方法进行无阻流量计算与产能预测。     

纳米碳酸钙和聚乙烯醇纤维增强混凝土抗弯拉性能

为探究纳米CaCO_3和PVA(聚乙烯醇)纤维对混凝土的抗弯拉强度和抗弯拉弹性模量的影响,采用三分点加载试验方法测试混凝土的抗弯拉强度和抗弯拉弹性模量。研究结果表明:在纳米CaCO_3混凝土中掺入PVA纤维,可以显著提高混凝土抗弯拉强度,在试验PVA纤维掺量范围内,随着PVA纤维掺量的增加,混凝土的抗弯拉强度和抗弯拉弹性模量均呈现先增大后减小的趋势;当PVA纤维掺量为0.05%时,其抗弯拉强度和抗弯拉弹性模量均达到最大值;在混凝土中掺加适量的纳米CaCO_3(3%),随着纳米CaCO_3掺量的增加,混凝土的抗弯拉强度和抗弯拉弹性模量逐渐增加,当纳米CaCO_3掺量超过3%时,随着纳米CaCO_3掺量的增加,其抗弯拉强度和抗弯拉弹性模量逐渐减小。     

光学透明、低热膨胀性的甲壳素纳米纤维/聚醚砜复合薄膜

 通过化学预处理和机械处理的方法制备出甲壳素纳米纤维,再利用真空抽滤的方法制备出甲壳素纳米纤维膜,将所得的纳米纤维素浸渍到聚醚砜树脂中,制备了甲壳素纳米纤维/聚醚砜复合薄膜。采用场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）对机械处理的甲壳素纳米纤维的形态特征进行表征。采用紫外光分光光度计、热机械分析仪（TMA）分别对甲壳素纳米纤维/聚醚砜复合膜的透光性、热膨胀性做分析,用万能力学试验机测试甲壳素纳米纤维/聚醚砜复合膜的拉伸性能。结果表明,机械处理后,甲壳素纤维达到纳米级别,随机械处理手段增加,甲壳素纳米纤维直径逐步变小。甲壳素纳米纤维/聚醚砜复合薄膜保持了较高的透光率,对比树脂材料,热稳定性和力学强度明显增强,是一种具有高透光性、低热膨胀性的复合膜,在光学基底材料、显示器等方面具有较大的应用潜力。     

裂隙密度对黄土抗剪强度影响的试验研究

黄土中节理裂隙十分发育,严重影响黄土的力学性质。尤其是对地下采煤引发的黄土滑坡进行评价时,除了需要考虑采矿引起的斜坡变形,还需考虑采煤引起的黄土裂隙化导致的强度劣化问题。本文通过三轴压缩试验研究不同裂隙密度的黄土在不同含水率下的抗剪强度参数变化规律。研究表明:随着裂隙密度的增加,内摩擦角呈明显减小趋势;黏聚力在低含水率下呈减小趋势,在高含水率条件下变化规律不明显。由于裂隙的出现,临近裂隙的土体应力重分布,应力方向发生偏转,垂直于裂隙的应力值趋近于零,主应力差增大,因此临近裂隙的土体发生局部破坏,这种现象的最终宏观表现之一为内摩擦角变小。较低含水率条件下,裂隙的存在,影响了土颗粒之间的连续性,宏观表现为随着裂隙密度的增大,黏聚力值在减小;但随着含水率的增大,水使土体胶结弱化作用加强,裂隙对土颗粒之间连结的影响作用趋弱,宏观上表现为黏聚力随裂隙密度非单调变化。     

原状膨胀土三轴浸水过程的细观分析

对原状安康膨胀土三轴浸水过程及浸水后的三轴压缩剪切过程进行了CT扫描,并对膨胀土破坏的过程进行了机理分析,根据CT图像的变化,发现其浸水过程实际上是水浸入膨胀土的裂隙和空隙,土体膨胀,产生新的裂隙,并最终贯通的过程．当浸水达到饱和状态时,土体的密度趋于均匀,强度增大,土体的应力-应变曲线呈硬化型．     

用于镧系元素理化性质相关性研究的新的键参数拓扑指数

根据镧系元素的原子序数Z、价电子数N、离子半径r提出了一个新的键参数拓扑指数HZ,并将HZ、镧系元素相对分子质量Mr共同与其11种理化性质进行关联,其结果显示了满意的线性相关性.     

钢与高强混凝土预应力组合梁承载力计算

根据预应力组合梁结构特性及实际受力情况,分别建立了预应力组合梁在不同受力阶段的截面应力及组合梁抗弯极限承载力的计算公式,通过试验验证了理论公式的正确性·研究结果表明,在承受正弯矩预应力组合梁的钢梁下翼缘施加预应力时组合梁的承载力提高幅度较小,而在承受负弯矩组合梁的钢梁上翼缘和混凝土板中施加预应力均可提高组合梁的承载力,并且在混凝土板中施加预应力效果最为明显·