乙醇/柴油混合燃料的配制、物性测量和对柴油机性能影响的模拟研究

选择丁醇、庚醇、生物柴油和聚山梨糖醇单油酸酯(Span80)作为助溶剂,对比研究其助溶效果.按照不同乙醇体积分数(10%,20%和30%)和温度范围(5～60℃),进行混合燃料的密度、表面张力和黏度等物性参数测量,研究其随乙醇体积分数和温度变化的规律.模拟研究混合燃料对柴油机性能的影响,结果表明:随乙醇体积分数的增加,燃油雾化效果得到改善,壁面油膜逐渐减少,氮氧化物(NOx)和碳烟(soot)排放逐渐减少;发动机动力性逐渐下降,但是当量比油耗和燃烧噪声逐渐下降.乙醇体积分数为10%时柴油机的综合性能最佳.     

抗性淀粉的生物学功效及在食品加工中的应用

抗性淀粉是一种具有多种生物学功效的新型膳食纤维,且兼具类似于淀粉的优良加工特征,适合于开发品种多样的高膳食纤维功能性食品。抗性淀粉的研究与应用目前已成为国内外食品行业的热点,介绍了抗性淀粉的分类,及其在糖代谢、脂代谢、体重控制,作为益生元和防治直肠癌方面的生物学功效;分析了抗性淀粉在面包糕点、油炸食品、面条、益生菌类食品加工领域中的应用。     

生产废水清液和二次凝水回用对燃料乙醇发酵的影响

为研究燃料乙醇生产废水回用的可行性,以燃料乙醇生产发酵过程中产生的清液和二次凝水为研究对象,分析其有机酸组成,并研究单一有机酸和经D318离子交换树脂处理前后的清液和二次凝水对酿酒酵母Saccharomyce cerevisiae NJ-2019生长和发酵生产乙醇的影响。结果显示,乙酸、乳酸、丙酸和柠檬酸是清液中的主要有机酸,乙酸和乳酸是二次凝水中的主要有机酸;乳酸和丙酸对酿酒酵母Sc.erevisiae NJ-2019的生长和发酵过程表现出显著抑制作用,其最低抑制浓度分别为7.0g/L和1.0g/L;清液和二次凝水分别直接回用时,清液对乙醇发酵过程的抑制作用更强;去除或者部分去除有机酸能使清液和二次凝水回用时的乙醇产量分别提高10.11%和9.85%。燃料乙醇发酵过程产生的清液和二次凝水具有回用的潜力,有利于实现乙醇生产过程节能减排。     

智能模糊自调整PID控制器在发酵过程pH值控制中的应用

智能模糊自调整PID控制器克服了常规PID控制方法积分饱和现象,结合了仿人智能和模糊控制的优点,引入了智能积分环节,应用在发酵过程pH值控制系统中,缩短了系统调节时间,提高了系统的稳定性和响应速度,提高了发酵产品的产量和质量。     

淡水鱼加工副产物新鲜度对速酿鱼露品质的影响

以淡水鱼加工副产物为原料,经过不同条件的储藏后得到不同新鲜度的副产物,分别接种米曲霉后置35℃发酵30d制备鱼露。对副产物和鱼露的理化特性进行评价,结果表明,副产物经储藏后品质发生不同程度的变化:常温储藏4h后,副产物的pH值、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、硫代巴比妥酸及菌落总数均比冰藏和冻藏副产物的相关指标高,而冰藏8h副产物的相关指标则高于冰藏4h副产物的指标;以常温储藏4h的副产物为原料发酵所得的鱼露,其氨基酸态氮、总可溶性氮含量最高,然而其TVB-N和三甲胺含量也最高;以冰藏4h的副产物为原料发酵所得鱼露的生物胺总量和组胺含量最高。副产物经常温4h储藏后其理化特性发生了一定改变,但并未对鱼露的整体品质产生显著的不良影响,因此,淡水鱼加工副产物在常温储藏4h以下可以用于速酿鱼露的发酵。     

Starch-binding domains in the post-genome era

Starch belongs to the most abundant biopolymers on Earth. As a source of energy, starch is degraded by a large number of various amylolytic enzymes. However, only about 10% of them are capable of binding and degrading raw starch. These enzymes usually possess a distinct sequence-structural module, the so-called starchbinding domain (SBD). In general, all carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) have been classified into the CBM families. In this sequence-based classification the individual types of SBDs have been placed into seven CBM families: CBM20, CBM21, CBM25, CBM26, CBM34, CBM41 and CBM45. The family CBM20, known also as a classical C-terminal SBD of microbial amylases, is the most thoroughly studied. The three-dimensional structures have already been determined by X-ray crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance for SBDs from five CBM families (20, 25, 26, 34 and 41), and the structure of the CBM21 has been modelled. Despite differences among the amino acid sequences, the fold of a distorted β-barrel seems to be conserved together with a similar way of substrate binding (mainly stacking interactions between aromatic residues and glucose rings). SBDs have recently been discovered in many non-amylolytic proteins. These may, for example, have regulatory functions in starch metabolism in plants or glycogen metabolism in mammals. SBDs have also found practical uses. Received 25 May 2006; received after revision 26 June 2006; accepted 3 August 2006     

一种青霉素发酵过程补料优化的新方法

将青霉素发酵工艺与最优控制算法相结合，提出一种二步优化法优化青霉素发酵过程．用该方法得出的优化结果指导青霉素发酵工业生产实际过程取得了满意的效果，证明用本方法求得的优化结果可弥补生化过程动力学模型的一些不足，寻求出较适合工业生产实际的优化结果，     

窖泥己酸菌的分离培养与诱变选育

泥窖己酸菌产生的己酸是浓香型大曲酒主体香成分的前体物质之一。从老窖泥中分离纯化出一株产酸能力较高的己酸菌GS5,以其为亲株,通过紫外诱变(照射功率15W,照射距离30cm,时间为3m in),筛选到1株产酸量提高12%的突变株GSUT3,多次继代培养结果表明其产量稳定。研究还发现GSUT3与亲株之间,GSUT3第1代与第8代之间,其生长变化规律和己酸产量的变化规律表现一致。     

Near-infrared spectroscopy-based quantification of substrate and aqueous products in wastewater anaerobic fermentation processes

In this study, a Fourier transform near-infrared （FT-NIR） technique was used for process monitoring of anaerobic fermentation. Orthogonal signal correction （OSC） method was used as NIR spectral pre- processing options. Calibration models were established and the validation of the method was per- formed with the sucrose, ethanol and volatile fatty acids （VFAs） contents determined by the anthrone and gas chromatography methods, respectively. Spectral range and the number of internal latent variables were optimized for the best correlation coefficient. Test set validation of sucrose resulted in excellent measurement of prediction performance and the correlation coefficient of determination is 0.930. Similar prediction statistics for individual VFA and total VFA contents were obtained. These re- sults proved that the NIR spectroscopy technology is able to quantify the contents of both volatile fatty acids and sucrose in wastewater anaerobic fermentation process.     

电喷汽油机燃用大比例含水乙醇汽油的试验

在一台JL368Q双燃料多点电喷发动机上进行台架试验,对比分析了3种含水乙醇汽油(E15W、E30W、E50W)的动力性、经济性和排放特性.结果表明:在汽油机结构及参数未做任何调整下,低速时,含水乙醇汽油的转距、功率和93#汽油基本相当,随着转速增大,E15W、E50W略低于93#汽油,E30W仍和汽油基本相当;油耗率E15W比汽油低大约0.35%,随着含醇量的增大,油耗率逐渐升高;3种乙醇汽油的NOx排放均略高于93#汽油,但CO的排放都低于93#汽油,E30W的CO排放在整个测试区间最优.随着含醇量的增加,HC排放能得到不断的改善.