Intergranular corrosion behavior of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel

The intergranular corrosion (IGC) behavior of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel (HNSS) sensitization treated at 650-950℃ was investigated by the double loop electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (DL-EPR) method. The effects of the electrolytes, scan rate, sensitizing temperature on the susceptibility to IGC of HNSS were examined. The results show that the addi-tion of NaCl is an effective way to improve the formation of the cracking of a passive film in chromium-depleted zones during the reactivation scan. Decreasing the scan rate exhibits an obvious effect on the breakdown of the passive film. A solution with 2 mol/L H₂SO₄+1 mol/L NaCl+0.01 mol/L KSCN is suitable to check the susceptibility to IGC of HNSS at a sensitizing temperature of 650-950℃ at a suitable scan rate of 1.667 mV/s. Chromium depletion of HNSS is attributed to the precipitation of Cr₂N which results in the susceptibility to IGC. The synergistic effect of Mo and N is suggested to play an important role in stabilizing the passive film to prevent the attack of IGC.     

Pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion behaviors of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels

Pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion behaviors of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels (HNSS) were investigated by electrochemical and immersion testing methods in chloride solution, respectively. The chemical constitution and composition in the depth of passive films formed on HNSS were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS). HNSS has excellent pitting and crevice corrosion resistance compared to 316L stainless steel. With increasing the nitrogen content in steels, pitting potentials and critical pitting temperature (CPT) increase, and the maximum, average pit depths and average weight loss decrease. The CPT of HNSS is correlated with the alloying element content through the measure of alloying for resistance to corrosion (MARC). The MARC can be expressed as an equation of CPT=2.55MARC-29. XPS results show that HNSS exhibiting excellent corrosion resistance is attributed to the enrichment of nitrogen on the surface of passive films, which forms ammonium ions increasing the local pH value and facilitating repassivation, and the synergistic effects of molybdenum and nitrogen.     

不锈钢中磷和铬的联合测定

提出一种快速分析不锈钢中磷和铬的联合测定的方法,针对不锈钢中高铬含量的情况,采用王水和高氯酸溶解后,准确控制发烟时间可使磷和铬全部氧化完全.试样溶解后磷的测定采用酸性介质中用抗坏血酸为还原剂的铋磷钼蓝光度法,在波长660 nm处测定其吸光度,铬的测定采用高氯酸氧化亚铁容量法,实现了磷和铬的联合测定.通过研究与应用认为,此法对磷含量在0.005%～0.050%之间,铬含量在10%～35%的之间合金钢、不锈钢皆适用,试验结果满意.     

Martensite transformation induced by deformation and its phase electrochemical behavior for stainless steels AISI 304 and 316L

The martensite transformation induced by tensile elongation and its effect on the behavior of phase electrochemistry of AISI 304 and 316L in 3.5% NaCl solution were studied. The results show that the content of α'-martensite in stainless steel 304 increases with the true strain. As α'-martensite content increased, free corrosion potential and pitting potential of stainless steel 304 in 3.5% NaCl solution appeared the change trend of a minimum. It was also found that pitting nucleated preferentially at the phase interfaces between martensite and austenite. There existed apparent difference between electrochemical properties of austenite and of martensite for stainless steel 304 and 316L in 3.5% NaCl solution.     

低频RF-等离子体处理对医用不锈钢表面润湿性能的影响

以聚乙烯-乙烯醇（EVAL）为模型高分子,研究了等离子体处理前后不锈钢表面EVAL溶液的铺展润湿情况、EVAL膜的形貌及其结合强度。并建立了医用不锈钢表面润湿性和表面自由能、表面结构之间的关系。研究结果表明：等离子体处理后,不锈钢表面的铺展润湿性显著提高。等离子体处理的最佳工艺条件为：氮气,偏压100V,时间10min。最佳条件处理后,不锈钢表面EVAL膜均匀性、致密度以及涂层与基体的结合强度均得到明显提高。反射红外（ATR—FTIR）、原子力显微镜（AFM）、X光电子能谱（XPS）分析结果显示Ar、N2气体等离子体,尤其是N2气体等离子体预处理后,材料的表面自由能（尤其是极性分量）显著增大,润湿性增强。极性分量的增加与等离子体时材料表面的清洗、刻蚀以及活性化有关。     

Cr15Mn9Cu2Ni1N不锈钢热变形过程的动态再结晶动力学及影响因素

采用Thermorestor-W热模拟试验机,对Cr15Mn9Cu2Ni1N不锈钢进行热压缩试验,研究其在变形温度950～1 200℃,应变速率0.01～2.5s-1条件下的动态再结晶行为.当变形温度高于1 000℃后,Cr15Mn9Cu2Ni1N不锈钢的变形以动态再结晶为主,且随温度升高,峰值应力对应的应变减小.利用应变硬化率-应力曲线确定的材料动态再结晶临界应力σc、峰值应力σp、饱和应力σss(e)和稳态应力σs的数值,回归得到临界动态再结晶应变εc与Zener-Hollomon参数的关系,并确定临界应力与峰值应力的关系.通过建立Cr15Mn9Cu2Ni1N不锈钢的热变形动态再结晶Avrami模型,分析应变速率和变形温度对Avrami曲线的影响,表明应变速率比温度对Cr15Mn9Cu2Ni1N不锈钢的动态再结晶Avrami曲线的影响更加显著.     

核电主管道铸造不锈钢的热老化脆化

为了研究中国核电主管道铸造不锈钢Z3CN20-09M的热老化,在300、350和400℃下,对Z3CN20-09M进行了长达30000 h的加速热老化实验.对不同热老化时间下的样品进行了冲击性能和铁素体纳米硬度测定.以夏比冲击功作为热老化脆化参量,利用拟合的方法得出该材料的热老化激活能为51.962 kJ.mol-1.通过热老化因子P得出了用夏比冲击功表示的热老化脆化动力学公式.利用热老化激活能和热老化动力学公式预测了Z3CN20-09M在实际运行温度下服役40 a内的夏比冲击功和铁素体显微硬度变化.预测结果表明在运行5a内是该材料韧性迅速下降的时期,随后的运行过程中下降过程趋缓.     

SAF2205双相不锈钢焊接工艺及耐蚀性的研究

本试验以获得合理的奥氏体/铁素体两相比例为指导原则,采用6组焊接工艺参数对2205双相不锈钢板材进行对接。首先对各个焊接接头进行定量金相计算及分析,然后通过拉伸、弯曲试验选取力学性能优良的焊接接头进行腐蚀试验。焊缝的耐蚀性因其焊缝中奥氏体含量区别不大而无太大差异,腐蚀介质浓度较高时,在保护气中加入2%的氮气,试样耐蚀性较强,但3组试样的焊接接头焊缝的耐蚀性均小于母材。     

高温浓硫酸中氟离子掺入对不锈钢耐蚀性能的影响

采用浸泡法和电化学测试方法结合扫描电镜和能谱仪研究了高温浓硫酸中氟离子的掺入对304、2507以及904L三种不锈钢耐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:氟离子的掺入对三种不锈钢在浓硫酸中的腐蚀具有抑制作用,综合来看,904L具有更为稳定的耐蚀性能;三种不锈钢在高温浓硫酸中由于生成了热力学不稳定的硫化镍而产生了活化转钝化现象,而掺入氟离子会和硫离子发生竞争使其排挤出电极表面,氟离子与镍离子结合形成另外一种更稳定的阻挡层使不锈钢耐蚀性提高.     

新型硬质合金微坑车刀切削能对比研究与预测

切削能绝大部分会转化为切削热,进而直接影响切削温度,因此研究切削能的产生、传递与转化对切削温度的研究尤显重要.本文以304不锈钢专用新型硬质合金微坑车刀创新设计为例,通过对新型微坑车刀和原车刀切削过程的切削能比较研究,建立车刀切削过程切削能与前刀面温度的关系模型,开展新型微坑车刀剪切能和摩擦能的预测研究和切削实验验证.研究结果表明,用实际生产推荐切削参数,干式切削情况下,新型硬质合金微坑车刀相比原车刀,输入能量降低8.96%,剪切能降低10.50%,摩擦能降低5.32%;刀具前刀面的切削温度与剪切能和摩擦能呈正相关关系;所建立切削能预测模型可为复杂切削条件下的切削能预测及前刀面切削温度研究提供参照.