结构体爆破机理及应用研究

本文通过理论分析和模型试验,探讨了岩体结构面对爆破效果的控制作用。同时对结构体爆破的基本原理及破岩机理作了较深入的分析。研究表明,合理布置炮孔和爆破作用方向,可以改善爆破效果,降低爆破成本。     

三维空间模型的露天台阶爆破专家系统及应用

传统人工布孔设计的爆破模式效率较低,无法适用于大规模的爆破工程,因此,研制了露填台阶爆破专家系统.把爆破台阶地形转化为三维空间模型,将台阶爆破设计原理和智能设计相结合,研制出智能系统,实现了自动布孔、多种装药结构选择及快速爆破网络设计等目标,并应用于中煤集团平朔东露天矿的台阶爆破.结果表明：专家系统所设计方案与人工方案相比较,实现了减少大块率,控制前冲、后翻,控制飞石距离,减少爆破冲击等目的,实际应用中验证了露天台阶爆破专家系统可行.     

黑岱沟露天矿预裂爆破参数智能设计及连线设计

《黑岱沟露天矿预裂爆破计算机智能设计系统》主要通过研究影响黑岱沟露天煤矿预裂爆破质量的关键因素及其相互关系,为预裂爆破设计与优化提供理论支撑,并达到提升预裂爆破质量的目的。文章就选取爆破参数设计的原则、影响爆破参数设计主要指标的确定、及预裂爆破参数智能设计及连线设计进行了探讨。     

复杂地质条件下炮采工作面超前支承压力的研究

文中以刘河矿13031炮采工作面为实验工作面,采用现场实测和数值模拟的方法研究了复杂地质条件下炮采工作面的超前支承压力影响范围以及强度,为该条件下工作面的超前支护范围和强度提供依据。研究表明:超前支承压力峰值位置为工作面前方10 m,峰值强度为20MPa,超前支承压力影响范围为工作面前方0~50 m,其中剧烈影响区域为工作面前方0~23 m.     

三种孔外延期导爆管起爆网路的工程试验研究

对某城区露天基坑爆破开挖过程中使用的三种导爆管起爆网路进行了对比分析。研究发现,采用孔内12段延期、孔外排间5段延期的复式串联的接力式毫秒延时起爆网路,爆破效果良好,降低了爆破作业时间,取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益,为后期基坑爆破及其他类似工程提供了借鉴;起爆后岩块的大小和排间延期时间有关,采用排间延期110ms的起爆网路时,起爆后岩石大块率小于5%。     

Blasting technologies of vibration damping in subway tunnel passing under upper buildings closely

Reducing the blasting vibration is important for blasting excavation in subway tunnel construction. Taking the 3rd bid section of Line 3 of Qingdao subway project as an example, the distance between tunnel vault and ground is 5 - 8 m. In order to insure the safety of the upper buildings, technologies of parallel cut with large diameter empty hole, one-time initiation and delay by parts, and multiple shallow holes were adop- ted in the project. The results showed that the maximum value of vertical vibration was limited in the criterion allowance, and the upper buildings were not damaged. Besides, problems were solved that the number of nonel detonator was difficult to meet the requirements of excavating a large cross-section tunnel by blasting, multiple cross-section could＇ t be initiated simultaneously, and construction efficiency was low, which ensure the con- struction safety and schedule.     

Sixty years of engineering blasting in China： Review and prospect

Based on representative blasting engineering examples, the development history of engineering blas- ting in China since 1950s was reviewed, three development phases were summarized, and the main achieve- ments of fundamental theory, engineering practice, scientific study and industry organization of engineering blasting in each phase were introduced briefly. Finally, some suggestions about the development direction of en- gineering blasting in China were given.     

Monitoring and analysis of shock wave in water for underwater drilling blasting

Taking the underwater reef blasting in Gulei sea channel of Xiamen Port as an example, the forming characteristic of shock wave in water for underwater drilling blasting is analyzed. By field monitoring, the pres- sure of shock wave in water for different distances is attained; the major parameters such as pressure amplitude and positive action time, and the propagation attenuation rule of shock wave in water are analyzed in this paper. The results can be helpful for engineering design and construction and environmental safety assessment.     

断层对深孔聚能爆破煤层增透的影响

针对断层构造对煤层深孔聚能爆破增透效果和安全性的影响,本文在理论分析、数值模拟和现场试验研究基础上,分析了断层对爆破增透煤体裂隙生成和发育的影响,从瓦斯赋存和爆破能量传播探讨了断层对爆破安全性的影响.数值模拟结果验证了断层对爆破裂隙扩展和应力波传播的影响.现场试验表明,断层影响区爆破孔增透效果是未受断层影响区域的2.60倍,断层构造带容易造成冲孔现象,对爆破安全性有重要影响.     

基于GCRN的矿岩可爆性分级模型及其应用

为了准确反映岩体可爆性等级,构建了由弹性波阻抗、坚固性系数、平均裂隙距和标准爆破漏斗炸药单耗4个因素组成的评价体系,采用改进的灰色关联分析法对传统的岩体可爆性等级划分标准进行优化。利用灰色关联相对贴近度(GCRN)来反映各可爆性等级之间的差别,确定各可爆性等级对应的灰色关联相对贴近度区间,以此划分新的岩体可爆性等级。采用基于GCRN的矿岩可爆性分级模型对武钢资源集团公司程潮矿业有限公司东、西区矿体的可爆性级别进行评价,评价结果与实际情况基本一致,表明利用灰色关联相对贴近度来划分矿岩可爆性等级的方法是可行的。