灵芝多糖与灵芝孢子粉生物活性的差异

通过实验研究灵芝多糖和灵芝孢子粉对昆明种小鼠胸腺指数、脾脏指数、脾淋巴细胞增殖指数、SOD及MDA等指标影响的差别.结果表明,与灵芝多糖相比,灵芝孢子粉对小鼠胸腺、脾脏指数、脾淋巴细胞增殖指数均有不同程度的提高（P＜0.01）,对SOD、MDA指标的影响也有显著差异（P＜0.01）,而且,灵芝孢子粉与灵芝多糖相比,具有显著性差异P＜0.01）.在此剂量下,灵芝孢子粉对小鼠免疫功能和抗氧化功能的提高明显优于灵芝多糖的效果.     

Discovery of a petrified noeggerathialean strobilus,Discinites sinensis sp.nov.from the Permian of Shizuishan,Ningxia,China

A petrified strobilus Discinites sinensis sp.nov.is discovered from the Lower Permian of Shizuishan in Ningxia,North China.The epidermal cells of sporophyll are long and narrow,with both ends pointed.Each sporangium is ellipsoid,with the basal part contracted and short,thick sporangiophore-like.The cells of tapetum and sporangial walls are arranged longitudinally.The annulus is not developed.Mega- and microsporangia are similar in shape.They can hardly be distinguished unless they are broken,and the spores are exposed.In situ mega- and microspores are also similar in shape and both of the Deltoidospora type.The new species supports the systematic placement of Discinites within Noeggerathiales,and the progymnosperm affinity of the Noeggerathiales.     

Tree barks as a natural trap for airborne spores and pollen grains from China

The present article deals with the use of tree barks as a natural trap for airborne spores and pollen grains in China. The study carried out at the southern part of Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences has yielded a variety of palynomorphs mostly belonging to tree taxa. New methodologies for extraction of palynomorphs from tree barks have been suggested. Bark samples were collected from three taxa, i.e., Paulownia fortunei Hemsl. （Scrophulariaceae）, Quercus dentata Thunb. （Fagaceae）, and Picea meyeri Rehder ＆ E.H. Wilson （Pinaceae） having different bark morphologies. P. fortunei with a comparatively soft and fissured bark is believed to have a greater potential for trapping airborne spores and pollen grains compared to the stiff and less fissured barks of Q. dentata and the scaly bark of P. meyeri. Old barks yield better data in terms of quantity and quality of trapped pollen and spores. The present study throws new light on the modern pollen rain, spore-pollen dispersal, and their deposition in and aroundBeijing Botanical Garden, and other different parts of China.     

超高压撞击流技术制备破壁灵芝孢子的数值模拟

通过有限元方法分析灵芝孢子的撞击过程.按照灵芝孢子的结构,建立了计算模型,得到结构在高速撞击时的应力分布.结果显示:高速射流引起撞击粉碎时,孢壁的破坏不仅和冲击速度有关,还和接触角有关.冲击速度越大,孢壁中产生应力值越大,越易破碎.当接触角分别为10°和80°时,孢壁破坏程度最大.研究结果可为工艺参数的优化提供重要依据.     

意大利黑麦草菌根际效应研究

 研究了水田冬种意大利黑麦草AM形成的规律、稻田中AMF密度变化以及土壤因子对意大利黑麦草AM形成的影响,进而探讨AM对意大利黑麦草生长和发育的影响。结果表明：①翻耕不施肥、不翻耕施肥和不翻耕不施肥处理的意大利黑麦草总感染率上升幅度均达到了显著水平（p<005）;②土壤中AMF孢子密度随着意大利黑麦草生长时间的增加而增加,与感染率的增长趋势基本保持一致,且二者之间相关性达到极显著正相关（p<001）;③意大利黑麦草根系AM的感染率与土壤pH值极显著正相关（p<001）,与土壤温度显著正相关（p<005）,与土壤含水量极显著负相关（p<001）,与水解N质量分数显著负相关（p<005）。土壤中AMF孢子密度与土壤温度极显著正相关（p<001）,与pH显著正相关（p<005）,与土壤有机质质量分数、水解N质量分数、全P质量分数和速效P质量分数显著负相关的（p<005）;④意大利黑麦草产量与AM感染率（p＞005）和AMF孢子密度（p<005）均呈负相关。     

Fertile organs andin situ spores of a matoniaceous fern from the Lower Jurassic of West Hubei

Fossil matoniaceous plants represented byPhlebopteris have been formerly described and illustrated from the Mesozoic of China mainly based on vegetative leaves, and no information is provided on the fine structure of fertile organs. Recent reinvestigation of the Hsiangchi Flora from the Lower Jurassic of West Hubei, China, obtained a rich collection of well preservedPhlebopteris specimens (both sterile and fertile). Studies onPhlebopteris polypodioides Brongniart using LM and SEM reveal not only the structures of sori and sporangia, but also the details ofin situ spores. Comparisons have been made between thein situ spores and other related fossil and extant matoniaceous spores, as well as the dispersed genera.     

Discovery of a petrified noeggerathialean strobilus,Discinites sinensis sp. nov. from the Permian of Shizuishan, Ningxia, China

A petrified strobilusDiscinites sinensis sp. nov. is discovered from the Lower Permian of Shizuishan in Ningxia, North China. The epidermal cells of sporophyll are long and narrow, with both ends pointed. Each sporangium is ellipsoid, with the basal part contracted and short, thick sporangiophore-like. The cells of tapetum and sporangial walls are arranged longitudinally. The annulus is not developed. Mega- and microsporangia are similar in shape. They can hardly be distinguished unless they are broken, and the spores are exposed.In situ mega- and microspores are also similar in shape and both of theDeltoidospora type. The new species supports the systematic placement ofDiscinites within Noeggerathiales, and the progymnosperm affinity of the Noeggerathiales.     

山西繁峙地区古近系孢粉植物群及其地质时代探讨

根据所采集的孢粉化石，论述了山西繁峙古近系末期的孢粉植物群特征。建立了三个孢粉组合：(1)Betulaceoipollenites-Taxodiaeceaepolllenites组合；(2)Piceaepollenites-Tsugaepollenites组合；(3)Osmundacidites-Betulaceoipollenites组合。前两个组合反映了早渐新世的植物群面貌；后一个组合则反映的是渐新世中晚期的植物群面貌。反映了在始新世末期到渐新世气候变凉的历程。     

网状球囊霉孢子萌发和菌丝生长条件的优化

为了确定AM真菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长的最佳水平条件,采用L16(45)多因子正交实验对影响网状球囊霉孢子萌发和菌丝生长的因素进行了优化选择.结果表明:优组合为A4B2C2D3E3,即pH 8,水琼脂质量浓度10 g/L,培养周期10 d,后熟条件20 d,培养温度28℃为最佳组合.同时发现在优组合下孢子不仅萌发得早,萌发率高,菌丝生长也很旺盛.