An experimental study on variation of thermal fields during the deformation of a compressive en echelon fault set

The temperature variations during deformation of a compressive en echelon fault set in a rock sample were measured by a surface measurement system with multi-point platinum resistance thermometers and an infrared thermal image system. The measurements obtained by the two systems were in agreement with each other, indicating a relationship between temporal-spatial variations of the thermal field and changes of stress and strain. At varied structural positions of the rock sample, the rising of the temperature was different, implying distinct stress distributions at these positions. In the experiment, the deformation process of the sample included three stages: elastic deformation, stick-slip, and rupture. Correspondingly, the variation process of temperature had also three stages, each of which had its own temperature rising profile. And the thermal radiation field showed a similar process. These phenomena mean that the dominant mechanisms of temperature rising in all stages of deformation are different. Experimental results provide a physical basis for the study of current fault activities by using data of satellite infrared images.     

穆斯堡尔效应的发现

介绍了穆斯堡尔的生平，回顾了穆斯堡尔发现固体中γ辐射的原子核无反冲共振吸收效应的历程，着重说明了穆斯堡尔在研究中严谨的作风，巧妙类比的思维方法以及高昂的激情在创新中发挥的重要作用．     

X射线磁性圆二色吸收谱:实验设备与初步实验

合肥国家同步揭射实验室已建立了初步的X射线磁性圆二色吸收谱（XMCD）技术，可以测量铁磁性3d过渡族元素Fe，Co和Ni的L边的XMCD，并获得它们的轨道和自旋磁矩．XMCD线站的主要技术参数为：能量范围100～1000eV，光子通量≈10^8 ph／s，能量分辨率≈1000；外磁场1500Gs.除了测量XMCD外，还可以测量C，N，O的K边近边吸收谱，以及部分元素的L边近边吸收谱．     

电场辐射对南美白对虾幼虾抗逆性影响的研究

分别用不同强度的高压静电场和高压脉冲电场以及两个电场联合作用对南美白对虾幼虾进行处理,对南美白对虾幼虾在少氧状态48h成活率和对盐度突变的适应性进行了实验观测。结果表明一定的电场辐射可以改变南美白对虾幼虾的抗逆性,其作用效果与电场的类型和频率都有关,且适当提高频率作用效果会更好。实验发现在高压静电场(场强:4.0kV/cm,作用时间:4min)与高压脉冲电场(场强:1.5kV/cm、频率:120Hz,作用时间:4min)联合作用时,效果比电场单独作用时要好。对电场辐射对幼虾盐度突变适应性影响的实验数据采用T检验,配对分析进行了统计学分析。由统计结果可知,df=15,P=0.000,按α=0.05的水平,拒绝检验假设,说明电场处理后幼虾对盐度突变的适应能力有改善。     

Energetic particle radiations measured by particle detector on board CBERS-1 satellite

Using the data measured by energetic particle detector on board CBERS-01 and -02 for the past five years, statistics was made to show the general features of MeV electrons and protons along a solar synchronous orbit at an altitude of 780 km. This height is in the bottom region of the Earth's radiation belts. Detectors are inside the satellite cabinet and such continuous monitoring of particle radiation environment inside a satellite has seldom conducted so far. After a proper and careful treatment, it is indicated that the data inside satellite are well correlated with the radiation environment outside. Be-sides the agreement of the general distribution characteristics of energetic electrons and protons with similar observations from other satellites, attention is particularly paid to the disturbed conditions. Variations of particle fluxes are closely related with solar proton events, in general, electron fluxes of outer belt are well correlated with Dst index after three days' delay while the electron injection occurred almost at the same day during great magnetic storms. It is confirmed that both energetic electrons and protons appear in the Polar Cap region only after the solar proton events.     

Coherent thermal radiation in thin films and its application in the emissivity design of multilayer films

The infrared transmission spectra of a 0.54-μm-thick Ge film and a 20-μm-thick Si film were experimentally measured. As the incident radiation was in the wavelength range from 1.5μm to 10μm, the Ge film demonstrated a strongly spectral coherence. However, thermal radiation of the Ge film was found to be spatially incoherent due to its extreme thinness. The Si film exhibited significantly spectral and spatial coherence. The results confirmed that thermal radiation of a monolayer film could be coherent spectrally and spatially if the film thickness was comparable with the wavelength. The optical characteristic matrix method was applied to calculate the transmission spectra of the Si and Ge film, and the results agreed well with the measurements. This method was further used to analyze two multilayer films composed of five low emissive layers. Their emissivities were found to be highly emissive at a certain zenith angle, and the emissive peak could be controlled by careful selection of film thickness.     

超高速锁模半导体激光器光谱蓝移现象研究

本文对一种新型输出波长1.55μm、超高速10 GHz、多量子阱、锁模半导体激光器的自发辐射光谱的蓝移现象进行实验研究,得到随着对锁模半导体激光器增益区施加增益电流的增加(5 mA→70 mA),多量子阱半导体激光器自发辐射光谱存在明显的蓝移现象(1.550μm→1.500μm),以及输出中心波长向短波长方向移动50 nm的实验结果,这对深刻理解和实现光时分复用技术中高质量超短相干脉冲光源具有重要意义.     

高韧性易燃特厚煤层巷道自燃监测预报技术

针对磁窑堡二矿自然发火期短且为高韧性特厚易自燃煤层,且综放面回风顺槽与多个旧巷贯通或相邻,使得巷道掘进及回采期间自燃危险性增大的特点,对巷道掘进期间实施了有效的防灭火措施方案,保障综放面安全顺利开采。     

聚噻吩衍生物的结构和在金属表面取向的NEXAFS研究

采用电化学方法将噻吩衍生物[3-(2-甲氧基苯)噻吩和3-溴代噻吩]聚合沉积到Pt片上,利用同步辐射光源采集聚噻吩衍生物中C的近边X射线吸收精细结构(NEXAFS)谱,以特征吸收峰强度对光的入射角度的依赖性为判据,实验证明了聚噻吩衍生物分子在金属表面的分子取向.由于噻吩环上取代基团电负性的差异,分子在衬底表面的取向有所不同:聚3-(2-甲氧基苯)噻吩无序的堆积在Pt表面,聚3-溴代噻吩倾斜于金属Pt表面.     

Determination of the optical thickness and effective particle radius of clouds from transmitted solar radiation measurements

A method is presented for determining the optical thickness (τc) and effective particle radius (re) of stratiform cloud layers from transmitted solar radiation measurements. A detailed study shows that the cloud optical thickness and effective particle radius of water clouds can be determined from transmission function measurements at 0.75 and 2.13 μm, provided that the scaled optical thickness τ′0.75>1 and re>5 μm. The wavelengths adopted by our study are similar to the channels of the moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS). The proposed method is invalid for optically thin clouds since transmission at 2.13 μm is less sensitive to re. The retrieval errors of τ′0.75 and re monotonically decrease with increasing τc. For clouds having τ′0.75≥2, the retrieval errors of τ′0.75 and re are below 10% and 20%, respectively. Transmissions at 0.75 and 1.65 μm can also be used to retrieve τc and re.