玛河流域棉田叶螨天敌研究初报

为了配合棉田叶螨的综合治理,笔者于1986—1988年对本地区棉田叶螨的优势种土耳其斯坦叶螨(Tetranychus turkestani)的天敌种类进行了调查研究,从采到的标本中,鉴定出叶螨天敌14科21种。其中天敌昆虫11种,蜘蛛4种,捕食螨6种。并对天敌数量和重要天敌的捕食量进行了调查和接种观察,为叶螨的生防提供了重要理论数据。     

蜘蛛丝蛋白的研究进展

蜘蛛丝属线状蛋白质,具有独特的结构和性能特点,是世界上拉力强度和弹性最强的纤维之一,其强度比钢还要硬.一些蜘蛛丝蛋白的基因已被克隆出来,并且用不同的表达载体表达,同时进行了成丝研究.由于蜘蛛丝性能独特,在许多领域具有良好的应用前景.     

Nesting habits of the Japanese foliage spider,Cheiracanthium japonicum (Araneae: Miturgidae): host plant preference based on the physical traits of plant leaves

A Japanese foliage spider, Cheiracanthium japonicum, builds nests with plant leaves. The nests are classified into seven types in relation to the seasons and purposes of nesting. We investigated whether the spider selects a plant species according to the nest type and how the physical traits of leaves influence the spider's plant selection. The difference between the composition of the host plant species used for nesting and that of the seasonal vegetation cover was confirmed. This suggests that the spider chooses the host plant species regardless of its abundance in their habitat. Early juveniles use small living or large dead leaves of various plant species to build moulting nests. Females prefer long and large leaves found in Miscanthus sinensis and Phragmites japonica over other plant leaves to build breeding nests.     

蜘蛛血细胞染色体制片技术探讨

首次介绍了通过血液培养制作蜘蛛染色体装片的技术以及应注意的一些问题。采用此技术具有能够收集较多的细胞;制备的标本分裂指数高;可获得良好的细胞分裂相;尤其是能适用于包括原始蜘蛛、微小蜘蛛等在内的所有蜘蛛染色体研究的优点。     

白花草木樨地蜘蛛群落结构及多样性

白花草木樨地蜘蛛有11科31属41种,随着时间的变化,优势种依次为印痕球蛛(Therionimpressum)、灌木新园蛛(Neoscona adianta)、条纹花蟹蛛(Xysticus striatipes)和星豹蛛(Pardosa astrigera),蜘蛛的生物学特性、植被情况、食物供应和人为活动对蜘蛛群落结构和优势种群消长变化有不同程度的影响,分析的结果可为草地害虫的综合防治提供参考.     

CSTX-9, a toxic peptide from the spider Cupiennius salei: amino acid sequence, disulphide bridge pattern and comparison with other spider toxins containing the cystine knot structure

CSTX-9 (68 residues, 7530.9 Da) is one of the most abundant toxic polypeptides in the venom of the wandering spider Cupiennius salei. The amino acid sequence was determined by Edman degradation using reduced and alkylated CSTX-9 and peptides generated by cleavages with endoproteinase Asp-N and trypsin, respectively. Sequence comparison with CSTX-1, the most abundant and the most toxic polypeptide in the crude spider venom, revealed a high degree of similarity (53% identity). By means of limited proteolysis with immobilised trypsin and RP-HPLC, the cystine-containing peptides of CSTX-9 were isolated and the disulphide bridges were assigned by amino acid analysis, Edman degradation and nanospray tandem mass spectrometry. The four disulphide bonds present in CSTX-9 are arranged in the following pattern: 1-4, 2-5, 3-8 and 6-7 (Cys₆-Cys₂₁, Cys₁₃-Cys₃₀, Cys₂₀-Cys₄₈, Cys₃₂-Cys₄₆). Sequence comparison of CSTX-1 with CSTX-9 clearly indicates the same disulphide bridge pattern, which is also found in other spider polypeptide toxins, e.g. agatoxins (ω-AGA-IVA, ω-AGA-IVB, μ-AGA-I and μ-AGA-VI) from Agelenopsis aperta, SNX-325 from Segestria florentina and curtatoxins (CT-I, CT-II and CT-III) from Hololena curta. CSTX-1/CSTX-9 belong to the family of ion channel toxins containing the inhibitor cystine knot structural motif. CSTX-9, lacking the lysine-rich C-terminal tail of CSTX-1, exhibits a ninefold lower toxicity to Drosophila melanogaster than CSTX-1. This is in accordance with previous observations of CSTX-2a and CSTX-2b, two truncated forms of CSTX-1 which, like CSTX-9, also lack the C-terminal lysine-rich tail. Received 23 July 2001; accepted 31 July 2001     

蜘蛛丝应力—应变行为的分子结构机理

利用激光拉曼光谱技术研究了大腹园蛛牵引丝、蛛网框丝和内层包卵丝的分子构象,分析了蜘蛛丝的分子构象差异对其应力-应变行为的影响,探索了蜘蛛丝优异力学性能的分子结构机理。     

个性化搜索引擎算法研究

搜索引擎是用户利用网络资源不可或缺的工具,但目前搜索引擎的查准率有待提高。对于不同的用户而言,即便是相同的查询词其期望的查询对象可能不同,那么搜索引擎此时的查准率其实就是让搜索引擎具有个性化搜索的特点。个性化搜索引擎的关键是用户兴趣的确定和文档兴趣值的确定,只有把抽象的个性化兴趣量化成数值类的模型,才可以了解用户真正的需求和量化文档与兴趣的相关程度,从而准确地对网页进行筛选并达到个性化排序的功能。     

小五台山典型生境的蜘蛛群落结构

2006年7月对小五台山国家级自然保护区的滩涂、草丛、灌木丛等典型生境的蜘蛛群落结构进行调查,采用样方采集与随机扫网相结合的方法,共采得蜘蛛标本263头,隶属于16科43属55种(属).运用群落多样性指数进行分析,结果表明:滩涂中蜘蛛优势类群较明显,个体密度、物种丰富度和多样性较低:灌木丛和草丛中的蜘蛛优势类群不明显,个体密度、物种丰富度和多样性相对较高.小五台山地区蜘蛛群落结构的现状是种类丰富,优势种不明显,个体数量较少.     

朱砂叶螨危害初期豇豆幼苗叶片PPO、PAL及POD的研究

对朱砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus(Boisduval))危害后豇豆(Vigna sinensis)幼苗叶片PPO、PAL和POD活性及同工酶进行了研究。结果显示：随着危害时间延长，处理叶片PPO、PAL和POD的活性与对照相比均升高，差异显著，且两处理之间也存在显著差异；POD同工酶电泳结果显示，随着危害程度的增大，除了部分同工酶谱带加强外，还诱导产生了新的同工酶谱带。