孔雀鱼精子发生的显微与超微结构

对卵胎生硬骨鱼孔雀鱼精子的发生进行了显微与超微结构研究.成鱼精巢呈肾形,腹面有输精管伸出,内部构造为小管型.孔雀鱼精子发生经过精原细胞,初级精母细胞,次级精母细胞,精子细胞及变态精子阶段;初级精母细胞和精子细胞高尔基体和囊泡丰富;从精母细胞到精子细胞有细胞质不完全分裂现象;成熟精子头部较长,袖套部分长度是头部的2倍,直径与精子头部相同,线粒体多.鞭毛有侧鳍,其轴丝为典型的“9+2”结构.     

Ultrastructure of spermatozoa and spermatogenesis in Octopus minor (Sasaki, 1920) (Cephalopoda: Octopoda)

Octopus minor is widely distributed along the coastal areas of the west Pacific Ocean. This paper investigates spermatozoa, spermiogenesis from the testes, and spermatophores using light and electron microscopy. Mature spermatozoa are about 650 µm long. The head includes mainly the acrosome and nucleus. The acrosome consists of a striated cone surrounded by a single helix. The nucleus is cylindrical, homogeneous and of high electron density. The neck is short and connected with the head through the internal nuclear fossa. The axoneme connects the head, neck and tail. The tail is divided into middle, principal and final pieces. The ‘9 + 9 + 2’ structure is surrounded by a mitochondrial sheath, which includes 9–11 mitochondria in transverse section. The sperm morphology is compared with the ultrastructure of other cephalopod spermatozoa, and taxonomic and phylogenetic implications are discussed.     

哺乳动物精子发生过程的基因表达

雄性生殖细胞的发育要相继发生有丝分裂、减数分裂和后减数分裂，许多生殖细胞特异的转录本在此过程产生。它们的表达是受发育调节的和有阶段特异的，雄性生殖细胞基因表达的调节是以内、外部相互作用进行的，一个对于生殖细胞高度保守的“内部的”遗传程序决定了构成生殖细胞发育基础的事件的发生顺序，在减数分裂和其它的生殖细胞特有的过程中，内部程序决定了哪一个基因被利用以及何时使它们被表达，内部水平的调节又依赖于“外部的”影响。     

Polyploidization and production of abnormal spermatids inPsophus stridulus (Orthoptera)

Summary Abnormal spermatids exhibiting variation in the number of adjunct centrioles (ACs) (from two to eight) have been analyzed in a spontaneous mutant grasshopper characterized by a high tendency to form polyploid meiocytes. Results show that the observed polyploidization of these cells increases the number of abnormal gametes and, although diploid spermatids (with two ACs) are the most frequent, higher levels of ploidy are also produced. The variation in the number of ACs, the level of ploidy in the sperm and the presence of polyploid meiocytes, are topics briefly discussed.     

人类Y染色体上与精子发生相关的基因的研究进展

Y染色体是男性特有的染色体，其上存大精子发生相关基因，在Y染色体长臂上的AZF区的缺失与男性不育密切相关，AZF分为a,b,c,d四个亚区，其中的精子发生相关的基因有DFFRY、DBY，RBMY1和DAZ，在AZF区外，Y染色体长臂的SMCY基因也与精子发生相关，Y染色体短臂上精子发生原基因主要有SRY、ZFY和TSPY基因，以上基因的缺失或表达异常都会造成精子发生障碍或性发育障碍，这些基因的研究在临床上有重要的意义。     

爬行动物生殖系统的组织学研究进展

综述了近年来爬行动物生殖系统组织学研究的进展,如两性生殖器官和精子发生、精子超微结构以及精子贮藏囊等.对不同类群的爬行动物在生殖系统结构上存在的异同点进行了比较分析,并对爬行动物生殖系统组织学研究进行了展望.     

Effect of the synthetic cannabinoid nabilone on spermatogenesis in mice

Summary Chronic treatment of mice with the synthetic cannabinoid nabilone (50 mg/kg, 3 times per week) reduced the number of pachytene spermatocytes. Nabilone did not affect other cell types in the testis or the sex organ weights. Nabilone tended to increase the number of abnormal spermatozoa, but this did not reach statistical significance. It is concluded that nabilone causes less testicular toxicity than the natural cannabinoids.PBP was supported by an ORS award and David Livingstone Bursary from the U.K.