土壤有机质空间变异特征研究

以面积4．7hm^2的农田为研究区，采用网格法选取了92个观测点取样，测定0～15cm耕层土壤的有机质含量。结果表明，土壤有机质表现为强烈的空间自相关，有机质的空间变异性主要由结构性因素引起，其变异函数符合指数模型。     

以聚氨酯预聚物为交联剂的两性水凝胶

为了改善水凝胶的强度,通过端丙烯酸酯基阴离子型聚氨酯(PU)与甲基丙烯酰氧乙基苄基二甲基氯化铵(MAEBDAC)的共聚交联,合成了系列两性水凝胶(简称L1—L5)。采用差式扫描量热法(DSC)分析了阴阳离子摩尔比为0.3/1(样品L1)、1/1(样品L3)和1.3/1(样品L5)的干凝胶,结果表明,两组分间相容性良好。处于等电点的样品L3中没有微孔结构,且其可冻结水含量仅为总溶胀水量的11.7％,而在样品L1和L5中均具有微孔结构且可冻结水含量增至50％。研究pH响应性表明,水凝胶的响应行为取决于凝胶中过量电荷的性质,外加电介质对样品L3的吸水能力影响较小。凝胶强度随聚氨酯链段的引入而提高。     

土地利用/土地覆被变化模型方法分析

土地利用／土地覆被变化(LUCC)是研究全球变化问题中的一个热点，模型方法作为研究土地利用／土地覆被变化的重要方法之一．在区域土地利用变化规律总结上发挥了重要作用．本文对LUCC模型的发展趋势、模型构成和模型分类作了系统的介绍．并将当前广泛使用的模型从变化的程度、变化的方向和变化的空间形式分析等角度加以分析．最后指出了LUCC模型存在的问题，提出了相应的建议。     

用EIB对变形纱的外观形态和膨松性的测试与探讨

为了对变形纱的外观形态和膨松性进行更好的评价，利用EIB对几种线密度较接近的棉纱、毛纱、低弹丝和空变纱分别进行测试，可以获得纱线的毛羽、丝圈或丝弧的数据、分布情况、形态图及纱线的直径；根据测试得到的数据，利用新建立的表征变形纱膨松性的指标进行比较和评价，得出用这种方法来评价是可行的，且低弹丝的膨松性较高。     

Early scale effect and hemisphere superiority on the visual spatial attention: From the electrophysiological evidence of ERP

The visual attention mechanism in the brain was studied among 16 young subjects through the precue-target visual search paradigm using the event-related potentials (ERPs) technique, with the attentive ranges cued with different scales of Chinese words. The results showed that the response time was shortened as the cue scale was reduced, while the amplitudes of the P1 and N1 components of the ERPs increased. These results not only provided the electrophysiological evidence supporting the spotlight theory, but also indicated that the spotlight effect occurred during the early period of the selected attention. Two kinds of separation in the P2 effect were observed. One separation was between the P1 effect and P2 effect, which meant that additional computation was needed when the spatial scale of attention was enlarged; the other was between the left and right hemisphere of the P2 effect, which indicates that the attentive processing of the cue range mainly occurred in the left hemisphere.     

Affinities and functional morphology of the Middle Cambrian ornamented tubules from West Hunan, China

Problematic phosphatic tubular microfossils with ornamented sculptures are documented to exist in limestones of the upper Middle Cambrian Huaqiao Formation at the Paibi section and the Wangcun section in West Hunan, China. Two morphological patterns, including Ornamented Tube Form I and Ornamented Tube Form II are described. Based on the analysis of the preservation, wall structure and composition of the fossils, it is deduced that these ornamented tubes may represent carapace spines of some Cambrian arthropods with phosphatic carapaces, such as bradoriid crustaceans. Analysis of functional morphology indicates that the sclerites may rather be considered of a defensive than grasping function on the original organism body.     

Effects of Ca on the distribution, structure and morphology of aluminum species in polyaluminum chloride

The flocculation efficiency of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) is closely related to the distribution and structure of its AI species, and Al13 is the optimal species in PAC for flocculation. A series of PAC containing Ca was prepared by adding Ca before and after the basifying reaction. The effects of Ca on the Al species were studied by ^27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and atomic force microscope (AFM) techniques. The experimental results show that the introduction of Ca increases the content of Alm and Al13 in PAC and decreases their chemical shifts in NMR spectra due to the electric repulsion between the positive Ca species and AI species and the formation of AI-O-Ca complexes.With the rise of Ca/AI molar ratio, the AI species in PAC tend to scatter. It is observed that the formerly branch-aggregated clusters are tending to form granule-aggregated ones whose diameter gets smaller and smaller, and the floccule aggregates are formed at a higher Ca/Al molar ratio. The introduction of Ca to PAC, which increases the Al13 content, is certainly to enhance the flocculation efficiency of PAC in water treatment.     

基于VORONOI图的无人机空域任务规划方法研究

无人机任务规划系统对充分发挥无人机自主控制与飞行和自主执行任务的能力起着十分关键的作用。在分析VORONOI图的性质的基础上，以压制敌防空火力作战任务想定为背景研究基于VORONOI图的无人机任务规划技术，重点讨论了规划环境建模、航路代价计算和初始航路选择问题。最后对该方法进行了时间和空间性能分析。     

基于海量空间数据的实时地形视景仿真算法研究

随着数字地球和数字城市概念的提出，建立海量空间数据的实时地形视景仿真系统受到了越来越多的关注。建立了多分辨率空间数据的四叉树结构模型，提出了基于屏幕分割的LOD数据装载算法和基于相同地理空间大小的LOD数据分割方法，实现了任意方向和分辨率数据块之间的无缝拼接，融合了视相关和地表特征的地形简化方法，同时综合运用了可视区数据的各种预处理手段，提出了可视区数据小号更新算法．通过原型系统开冀。在微机平台上地形绘制速度可达每秒25帧.     

复杂空间热网的拓扑结构及水力过程仿真

针对多热源多环复杂热网的水力过程，提出了基于空间管网的计算方法。该方法可根据网络的固有参数通过求解非线性方程组给出不同工况下管网的流量分配和节点压力，还可解决故障导致的管网水力不对称问题，从而弥补了平面网方法的不足。应用图论理论描述了空间热网的拓扑结构，提出了用平面网信息生成空间网络关联矩阵和基本回路矩阵的实用方法。编制了计算程序，通过算例验证了该方法的正确性和实用性。