聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）/聚己内酯（PCL）共混体系的晶体结构和形貌

使用偏光显微镜（POM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等测试手段,研究了PVDF/PCL共混体系在不同配比和结晶温度下晶型结构、球晶和片晶形貌的变化规律。结果表明：PVDF在低温下形成α型球晶,在高温下形成γ型球晶;两种不同晶型的球晶尺寸均随着结晶温度的升高而增大;α型PVDF环带球晶的环带间距随着体系内PCL含量的增多而增大。此外,共混体系内γ型PVDF球晶的含量也随着PCL含量的增大而增大。     

Bionomics,behaviour and immature stages of Pelecotoma fennica (Paykull) (Coleoptera: Rhipiphoridae)

Ptilinus fuscus (Anobiidae) was confirmed as the host species of Pelecotoma fennica (Rhipiphoridae, Pelecotominae). Females of Pelecotoma oviposit into the wood infested by the host larvae. First-instar larvae are elongate, unsclerotized, very different from the triungulinid larvae known in other rhipiphorids. They search actively for the host larvae in the wood; no phoresy is involved in the life cycle. The first-instar larvae temporarily paralyse the host larva and enter its body, overwintering (some perhaps more than once) as an endoparasite. In the spring of the year of emergence, the endoparasite engorges enormously (without moulting) and develops a special sclerotized caudal structure which is then used for perforation of the host's integument. The larva undergoes a further four ectoparasitic instars. The fifth (i.e. fourth ectoparasitic) instar differs considerably from the preceding three, and is capable of boring through the wood to prepare the emergence gallery for the adult. Pupation occurs in the wood. The rate of parasitization may locally far exceed 50%. Superparasitization by the first-instar larvae is possible, but usually only 1 larva survives to the ectoparasitic stage. Larval morphology of Pelecotoma is described and illustrated. Additional data on bionomics and larval morphology are also presented for the genus Metoecus (Rhipiphorinae). Comparing the biology and larval morphology of Pelecotoma with other Rhipiphoridae, it is assumed that ancestral rhipiphorids may have been xylophilous Tenebrionoidea with predaceous or omnivorous larvae, and that the ‘triungulinid’ larvae and phoretic habits may not belong to the groundplan of the family Rhipiphoridae. The widespread opinion considering Rhipiphoridae closely related to the family Mordellidae is questioned.     

基于社交网络签到数据的城市空间相互作用和节点吸引力研究

基于社交网络大数据的研究视角,选取全国348个城市之间一年的跨城市社交媒体地理位置签到数据,采取优化粒子群(PSO)方法,使用引力模型,逆向推导该系统中空间相互作用的距离衰减函数以及各城市的节点吸引力。通过引入经济发展水平、产业结构、人口规模和结构、旅游竞争力、教育水平5个方面的12项变量,经过因子分析和回归分析,探究这些变量对节点吸引力的影响作用。结果表明,社交媒体签到系统中的交互流量符合距离衰减的幂律函数,与其他交互系统相比,其距离衰减系数偏小,说明全国尺度的城市间人的移动受距离影响不明显。对全国城市节点吸引力及其排名的进一步分析发现,与旅游竞争力、城市发展成熟度、人口规模这几个维度相关的因子对社交媒体签到系统中的城市节点吸引力有显著的影响。研究结论将为更好地理解人类签到和移动行为,为进一步了解复杂网络系统中节点吸引力的内涵做出一定的理论和实际贡献。     

海黍子(Sargassum muticum)不同分枝的形态观察与离体培养

【目的】观察海黍子不同分枝的形态特征,并研究离体培养条件下三生分枝的生长和生殖托数量的变化情况。【方法】采用形态观察法和离体培养技术,分别研究三生分枝在次生分枝上的分布、其数量与次生分枝长度的关系、其长度与生殖托数量的关系,并对离体培养前后三生分枝特定生长率及生殖托数量变化情况进行研究。【结果】三生分枝数量与次生分枝长度呈正相关;生殖托数量同三生分枝的长度呈正相关。离体培养实验期内,生殖托数量增长一般不超过2个;三生分枝均有不同程度的增长,特定生长率多数集中在0%~2%。【结论】海黍子不同分枝尤其是三生分枝的生长和发育有助于海黍子有性繁殖过程,可以保障海黍子群体的不断繁衍。     

Distribution and characterization of species of Gyrodactylus Nordmann, 1832 (Monogenea) parasitizing salmonids in the UK,and their discrimination from G. salaris Malmberg, 1957

The reported pathogenicity of the monogenean Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957 on Atlantic Salmo salar in Norway has necessitated a national survey of salmonid sites throughout the British Isles to determine which species of the genus Gyrodactylus are resident on these hosts in British waters. Eight morphotypes were identified following examination of the opisthaptoral sclerites at both the light and scanning electron microscope level. Gyrodactylus truttae Gläser, 1974 was found on wild brown trout Salmo trutta in Scotland, England and Wales with an uncharacteristic morphotype, having long, thin marginal hooks. Two morphotypes of Gyrodactylus derjavini Mikailov, 1975 were recorded for the first time from Britain. G. caledoniensis n. sp. from Scottish S. salar is erected, based on differences in the shape and size of the marginal hooks. Two possible new species from English Salvelinus alpinus and a possible new species from Welsh S. salar and Scottish O. mykiss are described.     

河南省畜牧业竞争力时空差异分析

畜牧业竞争力是一个地区畜牧业发展水平的综合体现,以河南省为例,运用主成分分析和聚类分析的方法,选取综合反映畜牧业综合竞争力水平的38个指标,通过分类对比对河南省18个省辖市的畜牧业竞争力进行了分析.从18省辖市畜牧业竞争力得分排名,可以看出从1999年到2008年18个省辖市畜牧业竞争力的动态变化特征,并可分为几种区域...     

QGrid:一种空间移动对象并行索引结构

为提高空间移动对象数据更新效率和查询准确率,提出了一种空间移动对象并行索引结构.利用主索引和辅助索引支持对空间对象进行基于范围的查询和基于对象标识的查询,还通过查询索引将更新操作和可能受其影响的查询操作相连接,在满足并行操作时间片语义的同时,避免了传统方法进行范围查询时对查询范围内相关对象及相关索引结构全部进行锁定的需求.实验结果表明:高负载环境下,该索引结构不但能保证查询准确率,其处理能力也明显优于传统索引结构.该索引通过提高系统并行度,使同一范围内的更新和查询操作可以并行执行,提升了系统整体运行效率.     

预处理组织对低碳钢IQ&P工艺下组织及性能影响

采用γ单相区和γ+α双相区轧制并淬火工艺以及双相区再加热-淬火-碳配分( IQ&P)工艺,研究预处理组织对低碳钢室温状态多相组织特征及力学性能的影响规律. 实验用低碳钢经两种工艺轧制并淬火处理,获得马氏体和马氏体+铁素体的预处理组织,再经双相区IQ&P工艺处理后均获得多相组织. 马氏体预处理钢的室温组织由板条状亚温铁素体、块状回火马氏体以及一定比例的针状未回火马氏体和8. 2%的针状残余奥氏体组成;马氏体+铁素体预处理钢由板条状亚温铁素体、块状和针状未回火马氏体以及14. 3%的短针状或块状残余奥氏体组成. 在相同的双相区IQ&P工艺参数下,预处理组织为马氏体的钢抗拉强度为770 MPa,伸长率为28%,其强塑积为21560 MPa·%;而预处理组织为马氏体+铁素体的钢抗拉强度为834 MPa,伸长率增大到36. 2%,强塑积达到30190 MPa·%,获得强度与塑性的优良结合.     

基尼系数法在乡镇企业发展空间非均衡测度中的应用

针对我国乡镇企业发展空间非均衡问题,选取2003-2012年乡镇企业总产值和乡镇企业营业收入2个指标数据,采用基尼系数法,分析了我国乡镇企业发展空间非均衡的特征、程度及其来源。结果表明:我国乡镇企业空间非均衡程度最大的是西部,其次是东部和中部地区最小。全国整体以及东、西部地区内部乡镇企业发展的空间非均衡程度均呈现进一步加深趋势,中部地区乡镇企业发展的空间均衡程度得到小幅缓解。区域间差距与剩余项差距反向变动是引致我国乡镇企业发展空间非均衡程度发生变动的重要因素。