中南半岛恐怖袭击事件时空演变特征分析

 以国际恐怖主义事件数据库等数据源为基础,采用空间统计和核密度分析方法,分析了中南半岛恐怖袭击的时空演变特征,探讨了恐怖袭击目标和方式的转变特征,介绍了中南半岛恐怖袭击事件中的主要恐怖组织。研究表明,中南半岛逐渐成为恐怖组织袭击的重点区域之一,并且采取的方式杀伤性更强,政府应该采取措施预防应对恐怖袭击事件。     

川渝地区雾霾时空分布特征及影响因子分析

利用1981-2014年川渝地面气象观测资料,分析了川渝地区雾霾的时空分布特征及影响因子,结果表明:川渝地区雾日变化总体呈下降趋势,两种雾日观测资料的倾向率分别为-6d/10a和-8.2d/10a,研究时段内未出现突变点,80年代到90年代初,雾日变化周期以2~4a为主,21世纪后以8~10a为主.霾日总体趋势与雾日变化相反,呈上升趋势,倾向率为8.2d/10a,1997年开始发生突变,90年代变化周期以2~4a为主,2000年后4~10a周期变化较显著.在对雾霾与风速和空气相对湿度的关系讨论中发现,整个川渝地区雾与风速的变化趋势一致,与相对湿度呈正相关;霾与风速的变化趋势相反,与相对湿度呈负相关.     

步枪弹侵彻明胶的空间弹道模型和实验研究

为研究刚性步枪弹侵彻人体组织的致伤机理,以弹道明胶作为人体组织的替代物,通过在速度坐标系中分析弹头所受阻力、升力和转动力矩关于攻角和速度的定量关系,建立了步枪弹侵彻明胶的空间弹道模型.利用镜面反射系统开展了7.62 mm步枪弹和5.80 mm步枪弹侵彻明胶的实验研究,并通过直接线性变换法获得了两种步枪弹侵彻明胶的水平位移、竖直位移、侧向位移、俯仰角和偏航角.分析研究表明:弹头侵彻明胶的平动和转动均是空间运动;弹道模型能较好地模拟实验步枪弹侵彻明胶的空间运动规律;随弹头质量和赤道转动惯量的增加,弹头的能量消耗增加;极转动惯量对弹头的能量消耗过程几乎没有影响.      

高温合金轴向超声振动钻削减摩机理

针对高温合金钻削困难、钻削过程中摩擦力大等问题,采用超声振动技术加工.首先,分析了超声振动减摩机理,构建了平均摩擦力与振动参数之间的关系,并得出了平均摩擦力与振幅之间的变化趋势.建立轴向超声振动钻削系统,利用该系统对高温合金进行钻削加工.结果表明:振动振幅对孔壁表面质量的影响符合超声振动钻削的减摩特性.利用优化后的振幅超声振动钻削,与普通钻削相比,切屑形态更加规整,孔壁表面粗糙度值更小,表面质量更好.     

A new and enigmatic representative of Leucocythere Kaufmann, 1892 from the Eastern Cape Province (South Africa) (Crustacea,Ostracoda)

Leucocythere helenae sp. nov. is described from a small, semi-permanent dam near Grahamstown (RSA). It belongs to Leucocythere s.s., but is at the same time characterized by a number of aberrant features, especially the shape and size of the large copulatory process on the hemipenis and the relatively short setae on the P(3) of the male. A cladistic analysis is conducted and it appears that within Leucocythere, the African species have the most plesiomorphic character states. The discovery of L. helenae sp. nov. in South Africa furthermore falsifies previous hypotheses on the age and origin of the Leucocytherini in general and Leucocythere s.s. in particular. It should now be accepted that the latter genus is not of Pleistocene age, but much older, although the lack of fossil material prevents more exact dating. Also, when the cladogram is studied in conjunction with the present day distribution map of Leucocythere, the concept of a Palaearctic origin of this genus must be rejected. The most plausible hypothesis to date on the origin of this group appears to be a generalized distribution of a leucocytherid ancestor over Europe, Asia and Africa (at least), with subsequent speciation through vicariance.     

The haemoproteids of the Old World avian families Alaudidae (larks), Irenidae (leaf birds), and Motacillidae (wagtails and pipits)

The haemoproteids of the Old World passeriform families Alaudidae, Irenidae and Motacillidae are reviewed. Haemoproteus alaudae Celli and Sanfelice, 1891 of the Alaudidae and H. aegithinae de Mello, 1937 of the Irenidae are re-described and neohapantotypes designated. Haemoproteus anthi de Mello, 1937 from the Motacillidae is re-described and H. motacillae n. sp. is also described from this family.     

The developmental sequence of Argulus foliaceus (Crustacea: Branchiura)

We describe and illustrate the complete development of Argulus foliaceus L. A metanauplius is followed by nine juvenile stages. Eggs were detected in the thorax of the female at the 11th stage. Comparisons are made between the development of A. foliaceus and the other freshwater species of Argulus currently found in the UK.     

中国碳排放空间格局的时空演化——基于动态演化及空间集聚的视域

针对中国碳排放的空间相关性和差异性,通过全域空间自相关检验分析中国区域碳排放的空间依赖性和时空跃迁路径,局域空间自相关检验分析中国区域碳排放的空间集聚性,依据时空跃迁测度法对中国区域碳排放散点图的时空演化展开分析.结果显示:中国碳排放省域间存在自相关性,并且表现为一种集聚格局;碳排放的相关性呈逐渐增强的趋势;中国碳排放的空间相关性和局域区域结构具有一定的锁定效应和路径依赖.因此,应该客观理性地看待中国碳排放问题,发展低碳经济和治理碳排放的政策应该主要从空间视域动态地综合考虑.     

High-performance flexural fatigue of carbon nanotube yarns

Carbon nanotube yarns （CNTY） possess good specific strength and specific conductivity. As such, their potential for commercial applications is significant. Fatigue performance is a significant consideration in yarn/wire applications. In this study, the flexural fatigue performance of CNTY spun from super-aligned carbon nanotube arrays was investigated using a reversed bending test. The results showed that CNTY exhibited excellent resistance to pure flexural fatigue, significantly outperforming stainless steel wire; CNTY failed where a combination of flexural fatigue and tension-tension fatigue had special hollow fracture morphology, and CNTY resistance remained fundamentally unchanged in the combination fatigue process.     

高温时H13钢中初生碳氮化物的分解研究

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和电子探针研究了H13钢中初生碳氮化物高温分解时的形貌、尺寸、成分变化规律.原始初生碳氮化物主要为10~30μm的长条状(Vx,Mo1-x)(Cy,N1-y)及少量方形的(Tix,V1-x)(Cy,N1-y).在1200℃保温2.5 h后碳氮化物边缘变为凹凸不平的锯齿状,然后形成细小的分解颗粒,10 h后碳氮化物平均长度减小为12.9μm,主要为(Tix,V1-x)(Cy,N1-y).当经过1250℃ ×5 h保温后87%的碳氮化物发生分解,(Vx,Mo1-x)(Cy,N1-y)溶解消失,碳氮化物长度在20μm以下,当保温时间延长到10 h后碳氮化物长度均在10μm以下,70%为方形并且93%分解形成细小颗粒,未分解的碳氮化物为(Tix,V1-x)(Cy,N1-y).电子探针分析(Tix,V1-x)(Cy,N1-y)的分解与Fe元素扩散有关,高温时Fe在(Tix,V1-x)(Cy,N1-y)中含量逐渐增加而Ti、V减少,优先在边部曲率半径较小部位或缺陷处分解,形成0.1~1μm的细小分解颗粒,并由外向内以区域溶解方式使原始碳氮化物逐渐消失.双亚点阵模型分析两种碳氮化物的平衡溶解温度和组成有关,试样中大部分(Tix,V1-x)(Cy,N1-y)平衡溶解温度在1200~1246℃之间,与实验吻合较好.