植物颗粒剂对蜗牛和蛞蝓诱杀作用初报

利用药用植物的粉碎物配合对蜗牛和蛞蝓有引诱作用的食物引诱素及成型剂等原料制成的植物颗粒剂在室内和菜地进行诱杀实验，结果表明：植物颗粒剂对蜗牛和蛞蝓都有较强的诱杀效果，防效分别达到83．4％和67．8％，显示了一定的实用性。植物颗粒杀虫剂对环境无污染，对人畜及害虫天敌无毒害，是一种新型的低毒植物源农药。     

福州市郊分棘四棱线虫病的流行情况与中间宿主

本文报道分棘四棱线虫两种新的中间宿主：介形虫和蚤蝇，确定了介形虫为福州市郊分棘四棱线虫病的主要传播媒介，通过剖检得出，麻鸭、半番鸭的感染率达５３．２％和１１．１％，平均感染强度分别为３８．１只和１０．７只，文中从流行病学的角度探讨了该病的控制方法。     

湖南白酒草属一新变种

本文发表了白酒草属一新变种，即细叶小蓬草Ｃｏｎｙｚａｃａｎａｄｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｌ．）Ｃｒｏｎｑ．ｖａｒ．ｇｒａｃｉｌｉｓＫ．Ｍ．Ｌｉｕ；     

拉恩氏菌LRP3诱导形成碱式磷酸锌沉淀及其在Zn污染土壤修复中的作用

采用批式和土壤培养实验考察拉恩氏菌LRP3对Zn的磷酸盐矿物诱导及其在Zn污染土壤修复中的作用, 并进行X射线衍射、 扫描电子显微镜、 能谱及Fourier变换红外光谱分析. 结果表明, 菌株LRP3对Zn²⁺的最大耐受质量浓度为120 mg/L; 对溶液中Zn²⁺的去除率为菌体细胞（97.4%）>发酵液（88.2%）>无菌发酵液（81.6%）; 菌株LRP3的发酵液可通过生物矿化作用诱导形成结晶良好的立方体状Zn₂(OH)PO₃矿物晶体; 菌株LRP3的发酵液加入土壤后可快速降低DTPA-Zn的质量比, 培养5 d后DTPA-Zn的质量比平均下降784%, 培养6 d后土壤中Zn的弱酸提取态和可氧化态的质量比分别下降72.5%和562%, 可还原态和残渣态的质量比分别增加85.1%和14.8%. 因此, 菌株LRP3对Zn²⁺具有较强的抗性和吸附能力, 可通过降解植酸释放磷酸根, 进一步诱导形成碱式磷酸锌矿物晶体, 从而降低土壤中Zn的生物有效性, 可用于Zn污染土壤的绿色可持续修复.     

樱花新品种‘胭脂绯’

【目的】尾叶樱桃[Cerasus dielsiana (Schneid.) Yu et Li]为中国特有分布野生樱属植物资源,具有广阔的应用前景,对杂交选育出适合中国栽培的樱花新品种有重要意义。【方法】樱花新品种‘胭脂绯’选自于福建省武平县大禾镇帽布村的尾叶樱桃变异植株,2016—2018年春季嫁接无性繁殖苗木100株。【结果】‘胭脂绯’为选育出的樱花新品种,具有花瓣开展、花色艳丽、花径大、花量多而密集,树形开张的特点,通过观察对比,嫁接苗性状表现一致、稳定。【结论】‘胭脂绯’为观赏价值高的樱花品种之一,在园林和景观方面应用前景广阔。     

冰草和根茎冰草变异式样的初步研究

对冰草和根茎冰草进行了定性和定量分析,结果表明:这两种植物在颖和外稃被毛的性状上存在4种类型,是一多态现象。此外,冰草的某些个体在花序的性状上还具有反映祖先征状的畸形现象。同时还分析了根茎冰草某些个体在花序性状上的变异,认为这与根茎冰草的无性繁育系统密切相关。定量分析的结果表明:这两种植物在花序长、花序宽、芒长和小穗长等性状上的变异与其生境密切相关,是一种生态梯度变异。     

Changes of Soil Enzyme Activities in Different Restoration Ages of Spruce Forests on the Eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Six soil enzymes (invertase, acid phosphatase, proteinase, catalase, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase ) were chosen for investigation under different spruce forests with restoration ages of 4,10,16 years and an old-growth spruce forest over 400 years old in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Results showed that the activities of invertase, phosphatase, proteinase, catalase and peroxidase decreased in newly restored forests except for pholyphenoloxidase. With the development of forests after restoration, the activities of invertase, acid phosphadase, proteinase increased gradually. Our study also indicated that the soil enzyme activities were associated with surface soils and decreased with depths. This result suggested that in the earlier restoration stage the application of organic fertilizer may be more effective by surface addition to soils than deep addition.     

Luffolide,a novel anti-inflammatory terpene from the spongeLuffariella sp.

Summary Luffolide (4) is a minor metabolite of the spongeLuffariella sp. from Palau. The structure of luffolide was determined by single crystal X-ray analysis. Luffolide is relatively unstable and undergoes a complex cyclization reaction to give the hexacyclic products5 and6. Luffolide (4) has some of the anti-inflammatory properties of manoalide (1): this may help to define the chemical reaction between manoalide (1) and phospholipase A₂.All crystallographic calculations were done on a PRIME 9950 computer operated by the Cornell Chemistry Computing Facility. Principal programs employed were: FOBS, a data reduction program by G.D. Van Duyne, Cornell University, 1987; MULTAN 80, and RANTAN 80, systems of computer programs for the automatic solution of crystal structures from X-ray diffraction data (locally modified to perform all Fourier calculations including Patterson syntheses) written by P. Main, S. E. Hull, L. Lessinger, G. Germain, J. P. Declercq and M. M. Woolfson, University of York, England, 1980 BDLS, an, anisotropic block diagonal least squares refinement written by K. Hirotsu, E. Arnold, and G. D. Van Duyne, Cornell University, 1987; PLUTO 78, a locally modified crystallographic illustration program by W. D. S. Motherwell, Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, 1978; and BOND, a program to calculate molecular parameters and prepare tables written by K. Hirotsu and G. Van Duyne, Cornell University, 1985.Acknowledgment. We thank the Government of the Republic of Palau for a scientific research permit. We thank Dr Klaus Rützler, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. for identifying the sponge and Mary Kay Harper for performing additional bioassays. This research was supported by grants from the Sea Grant College Programs of California [Projects R/MP-30 to DJF) and R/MP-31 (to RSJ)] and New York (to JC) and the National Institutes of Health (CA 24487 to JC).     

副小体膜壳绦虫Hymenolepis paramicrosoma Gasowaka的生活史研究(膜壳科)

本文首次报告我国家鸭的副小体膜壳绦虫(Hymenolepis paramicrosoma Gasowaka,1913)的生活史。实验阐明福建厦门地区的广布中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops leuckarti)和等形小剑水蚤(Microcyclops M.subaeqnalis)为本虫的中间宿主,二者均是中间宿主新记录。在室温23—26℃的条件下,剑水蚤自感染虫卵后发育为拟囊尾蚴期需时7天,但达到成熟的拟囊尾蚴则需11天,幼虫在中间宿主体内的全程发育要经过六钩蚴期、原腔期、囊腔期、头结形成期和拟囊尾蚴期等五个阶段的发育。小鸭感染拟囊尾蚴后需要经过15天才可发育达到性成熟的成虫。     

2,3-Dihydrolinderazulene,a new bioactive azulene pigment from the gorgonianAcalycigorgia sp.

Summary A new azulene pigment, 2,3-dihydrolinderazulene, has been isolated along with guaiazulene and linderazulene as bioactive metabolites from the gorgonianAcalycigorgia sp.