美洲黑杨与青杨杂交F1代苗期表型性状的分化及其类型划分

【目的】研究美洲黑杨‘I-69’杨(Populus deltoides ‘Lux’)×青杨(P. cathayana)F₁代初选无性系苗期表型性状指标的分化,解析不同性状分化的生物学和生态学意义,并对无性系进行类型划分,综合考虑无性系性状以及对应的目标用途,为应对干旱等条件下杨树造林的适地适树(无性系)选择提供参考。【方法】以江苏省宿迁市泗洪县半城马浪湖林场36个‘I-69’杨×青杨F₁代无性系3根1干苗为材料,调查苗木的生长量、叶片形态、气孔特征、侧芽萌发情况和分枝特性等17个指标,分析各指标的变异特征,并根据性状变化对无性系进行分类和评价。【结果】F₁代无性系的生长和表型指标均具有显著的分化,总体上呈连续的正态分布特征,其中侧枝数与侧芽萌发率的变异系数最大,分别达102.0%和93.5%。相关分析表明,苗木生长指标与叶片形态以及分枝特性指标显著正相关,但与叶片气孔特征无显著相关。叶面积以及叶干质量分别与叶片长宽比呈显著负相关,与上下表皮气孔密度比呈显著正相关。叶片长宽比与叶柄相对长呈显著负相关,同时也与上下表皮气孔密度比呈显著负相关。叶面积和叶干质量的异速生长指数为1.007 4,整体呈等速生长关系,与分枝特性等无相关关系。基于主成分分析方法,利用表型性状可以把36个F₁代无性系分为8类,不同类型具有独特的生长、分枝特性和潜在的抗旱性能。【结论】美洲黑杨和青杨杂交F₁代无性系表型性状变异丰富,通过早期判断可以针对不同气候和立地条件造林提供无性系选择的初步信息,其中类型Ⅳ中的4个无性系生长量最大、侧枝少,叶型和气孔特性等表型性状表现出一定的耐旱特征,可以选择用于在偏干旱的平原地区或山地进行进一步的适应性造林试验。     

华南地气感热通量交换系数的估算

利用2009年东莞市气象台涡动能量平衡观测系统的观测数据和常规观测数据,利用一元线性回归的方法对感热交换系数进行估算。结果表明,感热交换系数具有明显的季节变化,春季的感热通量交换系数相对较大,而夏、秋两季的感热交换系数则相对较小。近地面风速越大,感热交换系数越小。华南地区感热交换系数一般在(3.26±1.55)×10-3的范围。     

A huge oceanic-type UHP metamorphic belt in southwestern Tianshan, China: Peak metamorphic age and P-T path

Recent progress in the study of the UHP metamorphic belt in southwestern Tianshan, China, is summarized in this paper. This about 80-kin-long and over 10-km-wide UHP belt has been recognized by the discovery of coesite, coesite pseudomorphs and other UHP minerals. It is the largest oceanic-type UHP metamorphic belt reported so far. It has formed due to northward subduc- tion of the Tianshan Paleo-Ocean. U-Pb dating of metamorphic rims of zircons from a coesite-bearing garnet-phengite schist yields a peak UHP metamorphic ages of 320±3.7 Ma. Combined with ages of 233-226 Ma obtained from rims of zircons from retrograded eclogites, a long retrograde metamorphic evolution （〉70 Ma） has been revealed. According to phase equilibria mod- eling, the P-T paths of both coesite-bearing eclogites and garnet-phengite schists are characterized by thermal relaxation, i.e., the metamorphic temperature peak lags behind the pressure peak, indicating that the UHP rocks experienced slow and long heating and decompression during exhumation in the subduction channel. On the basis of the field observation that a small amount of eclogite lenses is wrapped in large volumes of metapelites, and the similar P-T paths of both rock types, we propose that the ex- humation of the UHP eclogites from southwestern Tianshan, China, may have resulted from the exhumation of large volumes of low-density metapelites, which carried the denser eclogites to the Earth＇s surface.     

少林武术南方传播途径探略

少林武术作为诞生在中原地区嵩山少林寺的一大武术系统,是在长期的历史发展进程中逐步形成的,既和少林寺有关,又与禅宗密不可分。少林武术在南方地区得到一定程度的广泛传播。少林武术的南方传播主要有三条途径:一是以禅宗为依托向大江南北进行传播和反向传播;二是以明代抗倭战争为契机,使少林武术大显神威、名声大振;三是少林游僧和俗家弟子及中原南迁客家人,对少林武术的传播都发挥了作用,也是少林武术南传的重要途径。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组有效烃源岩

在烃源岩和原油生物标志物特征精细剖析、类型划分与对比的基础上,确定鄂尔多斯盆地南部地区延长组有效烃源岩主要为长7油页岩和长7暗色泥岩,结合烃源岩的生烃潜力和测井响应特征,建立有效烃源岩的生物标志物参数、常规地球化学评价参数、测井电性参数三级识别标志,即8β(H)-升补身烷/8β(H)-补身烷<2,w(TOC)>1.6%,S1+S2>4 mg/g,IH>170 mg/g,GR>120 API,Δt>260μs/m,RT>15Ω.m,CNL>25%,并根据地化参数与电性参数之间的相关性,采用多元回归的方法建立w(TOC)及IH的测井计算公式,从而实现从有限岩心的地球化学信息到全区全井段测井信息的衔接。     

Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus: A new proposed <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fijivirus</Emphasis> species in the family <Emphasis Type="Italic">Reoviridae</Emphasis>

For the past several years, a novel dwarf disease has been observed on rice （Oryza sativa） in some regions of Guangdong Province and Hainan Province, southern China. Infected plants showed stunting, dark leaf and small enations on stem and leaf back. Typical Fijivirus viroplasma containing crystalline arrayed spherical virons approximately 70--75 nm in diameter and tubular structures were detected in ultrathin sections by an electron microscope in parenchyma phloem cells of the infected plants. The virus was transmitted to rice seedlings by white-backed planthoppers, Sogatella furcifera （Hemiptera： Delphacidae）, collected in the diseased fields. Analysis of dsRNA extracts from infected plants revealed ten linear segments, which were similar to the electrophoretic profile of Rice black-streaked dwarf virus （RBSDV）. RT-PCR with a single primer which matched to a linker sequence ligated to both 3＇ ends of the viral genomic dsRNAs resulted in amplification of genome segments 9 （S9） and 10 （S10） cDNA products. The complete nucleotide sequences of S9 and S10 were obtained from clones of the RT-PCR amplicon exhibited characteristic properties of Fijivirus including low GC content （34.5% and 35.6%）, genus conserved 5＇ and 3＇ termini sequences and similar genome organization. Blast searches indicated that the sequences of S9 and S10 shared 68.8%--74.9% and 67.1% --77.4% nucleotide identities with those of viruses in the Fijivirus group 2, respectively. These values were similar to those among other viruses in the Fijivirus group 2 and considerably lower than those among RBSDV isolates. Phylogenetic trees based on S9 and S10 nucleotide sequences and their putative amino acid sequences showed that this virus represented a separate branch among other Fijiviruses. The virus was also detected by a nested RT-PCR assay in corn （Zea mays）, barnyard grass （Echinochloa crusgalll）, Juncellus serotinus and flaccidgrass （Pennisetum flaccidum） in and/or adjacent to the infected rice fields. I     

东天山迎风坡与高海拔区域降水效率对比研究

利用WRF中尺度数值模式对2015年4月16~17日发生在新疆天山地区一次降水过程进行数值模拟研究。重点对比了迎风坡与高海拔区域降水效率的差异,进而分析产生这种差异的原因。结果表明:迎风坡的降水效率大于高海拔区域的降水效率,降水过程发展旺盛阶段,降水效率达到最大。迎风坡的降水主要由雪、霰融化为雨水产生,高海拔区域降水主要由雪产生。该微物理机制的差异造成在降水集中时段,虽然高海拨区域空中总水凝物多于迎风坡,但降水效率低于迎风坡,最终导致降水强度小于迎风坡。     

干湿循环对滑坡区黄土收缩性的影响规律

针对天山北麓山区黄土滑坡灾害,研究该区黄土湿陷干燥过程中的收缩特性和规律。通过对3种不同初始含水率土样的9次干湿循环下的收缩试验,获得收缩率和含水率随循环时间的关系曲线。通过对不同循环次数下土体收缩曲线的相似趋势进行拟合,获得该区不同循环条件下的黄土收缩曲线方程,得到一定含水率下线缩率与循环次数呈指数关系,随着干湿循环次数的增加最终线缩率变小;土体的线缩主要发生在直线收缩阶段,对这个阶段进行拟合得到表征干湿循环次数与收缩系数关系的线性回归方程,收缩系数随循环次数的增加而减小,且呈较好的指数关系;黄土的脱湿变形分为裂纹变形和收缩变形,利用PCAS软件分析干湿循环下土样表面裂隙规律,前三次循环试样边缘出现裂隙,到五次循环时,裂纹和收缩变形明显,第7次循环结束后,收缩变形进入稳定状态。