“95.1”高原暴雪及其中尺度系统发展和演变的非静力模式模拟

为了对青藏高原暴雪进行深入的数值模拟研究,在对1995年1月17-18日（“95.1”）高原暴雪进行天气分析的基础上,利用非静力中尺度数值模式MM5对该次暴雪过程进行了数值模拟。数值模拟结果和客观分析结果的比较表明,非静力中尺度数值模式MM5有能力再现地面以上大、中尺度环流系统和热力场;同时MM5能够成功地模拟出复杂大地形条件下“95.1”高原暴雪中尺度低涡的发生、发展及结构演变。模拟的运动场和云微物理量场的时空演变表明,垂直运动场与水汽场的耦合是水汽凝结和冻结成雪的运动学条件;气旋性涡柱和上升运动及深厚湿舌的耦合是暴雪形成的一种重要动力机制;模拟的流场演变表明流场更能表征高原上的中尺度系统。     

青海高原环境干粉砂浆的试验研究

采用当地材料进行抗裂干粉砂浆配合比设计,并进行了性能试验研究;试验结果表明配制出的抗裂干粉砂浆的力学性能、耐久性能,可以适应青藏高原“六抗”环境的特点。     

黄土高原极端降水变化及其对植被覆盖度影响

全球变暖背景下,黄土高原极端降水事件频发,对社会经济及植被生态产生了重要影响,研究黄土高原极端降水变化特征及其对植被覆盖度(fractional vegetation cover, FVC)影响,可为生态环境保护和区域可持续发展提供科学支撑。基于2000—2020年黄土高原64个气象站点逐日降水数据和MODIS NDVI数据,采用趋势分析、相关分析等方法,分析了黄土高原地区极端降水和FVC时空变化特征及极端降水对FVC的影响。结果表明：2000—2020年黄土高原地区总降水量P_RCPTOT、中雨日数R_10mm、大雨日数R_20mm、强降水日数R_25mm和降水强度S_DII均呈显著上升趋势(P<0.05),区域西部和北部强降水总体增加,但区域南部呈干旱化。2000—2020年黄土高原FVC总体呈显著上升趋势(P<0.05),集中分布在区域中东部,占区域总面积的32.00%;显著下降趋势主要分布在南部少部分地区,仅占区域总面积的4.91%。2000—2020年黄土高原地区F...     

对青海省高等级公路水资源利用技术的思考

青海省自然环境条件恶劣,公路绿化建设难度大,突出表现在降雨量少且集中、蒸发量大、不同地区分布不均等特点,路侧植物存活与生长困难,建设成效不理想．在降雨量小时起不到补充水分的作用,大雨暴雨时雨水白白流走,并对公路边坡稳定构成威胁．在这样的条件制约下．本研究提出在保护沿线生态环境的前提下,将雨水有效地收集起来,用于公路的植被恢复,既保护了水资源,同时也减少了水害对公路的影响．     

青藏高原高寒湿地生态系统演变、修复与保护

探讨了青藏高原高寒湿地的动态变化及演变趋势,分析了湿地面积变化、生态系统结构与功能退化现状与原因。分析表明,国家近20年来在青藏高原实施的生态保护、修复及生态工程项目取得了一定的成效,但高寒湿地生态系统的退化形势依然严峻。生态保护和修复是一项系统、长期的工作,今后要加强生态修复技术研发项目与工程类项目的衔接,建立长效管理机制,提高退化湿地的自然恢复能力。同时,要构建适于青藏高原高寒湿地保护效应的评价模型和指标体系,完善重大工程项目的系统监测与评价。在黄河、长江上游源区布局高寒湿地生态系统的长期监测,将与三江源区同样重要的黄河首曲湿地、若尔盖湿地纳入国家公园管理体系,统筹规划,建立健全科技服务平台和信息共享机制。     

Factors influencing anuran distribution in coastal dune wetlands in southern Brazil

We investigated the potential role of hydroperiod and habitat structural complexity as explanatory factors defining richness, abundance and spatial and temporal distribution of anurans in wetlands of coastal dunes. This survey was performed in 15 wetlands along the Atlantic coastal zone of southern Brazil. We identified 10 anuran species (nine in the adult and eight in the tadpole stage) distributed in seven genera from five families. The adult richness and abundance varied among the hydroperiod classes, but without temporal variations. Both tadpole richness and abundance varied temporally and both were influenced by hydroperiod. Adult anuran composition was associated with dry months and wetland area, whereas tadpole composition was associated with emergent and floating macrophytes, wetland area and vegetation cover. This study identified the importance of habitat structural complexity and hydroperiod in spatial–temporal distribution models of anurans.     

A survey of the genus Stegana Meigen from southern Japan (Diptera,Drosophilidae), with descriptions of three new species

Nine species of genus Stegana from southern Japan, including three new species, S. (Oxyphortica) nigripennis Hendel, S. (Steganina) ctenaria Nishiharu, S. (Steganina) izu Sidorenko, S. (Steganina) kanmiyai Okada and Sidorenko, S. (Steganina) masanoritodai Okada and Sidorenko, S. (Steganina) ornatipes Wheeler and Takada, S. (Oxyphortica) dendrobium sp. nov., S. (Steganina) biprotrusa sp. nov. and S. (Steganina) bacilla sp. nov. are surveyed and described with designation of a new synonym S. (Steganina) maymyo Sidorenko. A key to all species of genus Stegana from southern Japan is provided.     

The aberrant and monotypic soft coral genus Malacacanthus Thomson, 1910 (Octocorallia: Alcyoniidae) endemic to southern Africa

The monotypic soft coral genus Malacacanthus has recently been rediscovered by means of scuba and is shown to be locally common and endemic in the shallow sublittoral of South Africa. Malacacanthus capensis (Hickson, 1900) is shown to be the proper taxonomic designation for the species. This species has previously been a problematic one due to the possession of several unusual morphological characteristics, including the total lack of sclerites and possession of a tough horny cuticle covering the stalk. The taxon is here shown to belong in the family Alcyoniidae by the possession of a full complement of mesenterial filaments, and not to the family Xeniidae as assigned by several previous authors. The species is here redescribed and the systematic status is revised. New observations on ecology and natural history from living colonies are also included.     

黄土高原水土流失区防旱体系综合研究

该文根据多年在黄土高原水土流失区抗旱的工作实践，提出了“蓄水、保水、调水、管水”的旱灾防御对策。     

Elemental composition of aerosols collected in the glacier area on Nyainqêntanglha Range, Tibetan Plateau, during summer monsoon season

In order to investigate the elemental composition in atmospheric aerosols and its sources in the glacier area over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), seven totally suspended particle samples were collected continuously at the col of the Zhadang glacier (30°28′N,90°39′E,5800 m a.s.l.), Nyainqêntanglha Range, southern TP, from June to October 2006. Twenty-seven elements (Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Cd, Cs, Ba, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U) were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The result indicates that the concentrations of most elements (especially crustal elements) are lower than values at the Nam Co Station during the same period of 2005, and also much lower than other sites in the TP such as Wudaoliang and Waliguan. This suggests that elemental compositions of aerosols in the Zhadang glacier area may represent the background levels of the middle/upper troposphere over the TP. Crustal enrichment factors (EFs) reveal that several elements (e.g. B, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Bi) may have anthropogenic sources. The southern TP is mainly influenced by the summer Indian monsoon during the sampling period. Backward air mass trajectory analysis suggests that air masses in the region may originate from South Asia. Therefore, anthropogenic pollutants from South Asia may be transported by the summer Indian monsoon to the region which clearly affects the atmospheric environment in the southern TP during the summer monsoon season.