太阳能热气流发电及其对我国能源与环境的深远影响

为从根本上扭转我国能源面临的资源短缺、需求增势高、结构不合理、环境压力大等困境，本文从国情出发，提出充分利用我国广大荒漠化、沙化土地及其太阳能资源，大规模开发太阳能热气流发电，大幅度提高电力在终端能源结构中的比重，处理好与其它类型发电的兼容性与互补性，从根本上改善现行不合理的能源结构，将是在聚变能实现前即本世纪上半叶乃至中叶，解决我国能源困境的有效途径。太阳能热气流发电与风能的大规模互补联合开发，将有利于提高供电稳定性和电能质量，实现大面积荒漠绿化、沙尘暴治理和局域气候改善；发展基于太阳能热气流发电的电解制氢和海水淡化，将缓解我国油、气、水资源之不足；利用节余燃煤发展煤的液化、气化可进一步弥补我国油、气不足。     

BENEFITS AND COSTS IN SELECTING FUEL FOR MUNICIPALITY HEATING SYSTEMS WITH THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS

1. Introduction Real technical systems are complex in nature. Their complexity arises not only from technology, but also from their multidisciplinary nature. Therefore, to make an effective choice out of a limited, but very different set of available alternatives, a multi-criteria approach is required. To assess the value of existing alternatives there are different methodologies that could be applied e.g. Multi-Attribute Utility Technique (MAUT) (Keeney and Raiffa, 1976), Data Envelopmen…     

滤筒称重对固定源废气中颗料物监测的影响

通过在不同的环境湿度、冷却时间和烘干时间对玻璃纤维滤筒进行称重实验,得出滤筒称量受实验室环境湿度、冷却时间、烘干时间等因素的影响,会呈现正误差的结论.引入空白标准滤筒的恒重控制分析称量过程,可以消除这些因素引起的误差.     

限制媒体报道的法律渊源和原则

限制媒体报道在中国新闻界是一个敏感的话题,人们通常把它与限制新闻自由联系在一起。但依法限制报道在当代法治国家是一种常态。对媒体报道的种种限制,本质上与新闻工作的客观、公正、平衡等基本原则是一致的。不了解、不重视、不遵守法律对媒体报道的限制条文,是我国当前媒体屡屡发生违法违规现象,以及相关管理部门处理乏力、管理失效、处置失当的主要原因。我国目前虽然没有专门的新闻法,但限制媒体报道的法律规范不仅存在,而且十分丰富。问题是这类法条来自不同位阶、不同部门,处于散在状态,媒体不易掌握。因此,清晰梳理限制媒体报道的法律渊源和原则,既有助于新闻工作者认识守法的必要性、逐步减少媒体违反法定限制的报道行为;也有助于相关管理部门摆脱“一事一报”的管理方式,真正建立起一套依法处置媒体违反法律限制报道的管理机制。     

Radiation theory comparison for magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction （MAT-MI）

Based on the principle of Lorentz force induced acoustic vibration, radiation theory comparison between acoustic point and dipole sources was conducted for magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction （MAT-MI）. It is proved that each acoustic source of MAT- MI is produced by the divergence of the magnetically induced Lorentz force, and the detected acoustic pressure is the integral of all diffraction sources inside the object. Wave clusters are produced by abrupt pressure changes at conductivity boundaries, and only the configurations in terms of shape and size of phantom models can be recon- structed. However, different from point source, positive and negative pressures are generated by the radiation pat- tern of dipole sources. Reverse vibration phases of wave clusters in collected waveforms and opposite polarities of borderline stripes in reconstructed images are produced at conductivity boundaries, representing the direction of conductivity changes. The experimentally collected wave- forms and reconstructed images of the aluminum foil cylinder and cylindrical saline gel phantom model agree well with simulated results. The favorable results prove the validity of the radiation theory of acoustic dipole source and provide basis for further investigation of conductivity reconstruction for MAT-MI.     

Aerosol oxalate and its implication to haze pollution in Shanghai, China

A total of 238 samples of PM2.5and TSP were analyzed to study the characteristics,sources,and formation pathways of aerosol oxalate in Shanghai in four seasons of 2007.The concentrations of oxalate were0.07–0.41 lg/m3in PM2.5and 0.10–0.48 lg/m3in TSP,respectively.Oxalate displayed a seasonal variation of autumn[summer[winter[spring in both PM2.5and TSP and was dominantly present in PM2.5in all samples.Correlation between oxalate and K?and high ratio of oxalate/K?suggested that biomass burning was a secondary source of aerosol oxalate in Shanghai,in addition to urban VOCs sources(vehicular and industrial emissions),especially in autumn.Secondary formation accounted for the majority of aerosol oxalate in Shanghai,which was supported by the high correlation of oxalate with nssSO42-,K?and NO3-,proceeding from different mechanisms.Relatively high ambient RH together with high cloud cover was found benefiting the secondary formation of aerosol oxalate.The in-cloud process(aqueous-phase oxidation)was proposed to be likely the major formation pathway of aerosol oxalate in Shanghai,which was supported by the high correlation of oxalate with nss-SO42-and K?,dominant residence of oxalate in droplet mode and result of favorable meteorological condition analysis.High correlation of oxalate and NO3-reflected the OH radical involved oxidation chemistry of the two species in the atmosphere and also suggested that gas-particle surface reactions and the evaporation–condensation process were both possible secondary formation pathways of aerosol oxalate in coarser particle mode([1.0 lm).As a major water-soluble organic compound in aerosols,concentration of oxalate showed a distinct negative correlation to the atmospheric visibility,which implied that aerosol organic compounds could play an important role in haze pollution as well as in air quality in Shanghai.     

Identification of acephenanthrylene and aceanthrylene in aerosol and its environmental implication

Acephenanthrylene and aceanthrylene in aromatic fraction of aerosols were identified by means of online hydrogenation gas chromatography mass spectrometry（GCMS）. Compared aerosols from vari-ous sources, acephenanthrylene and aceanthrylene were ubiquitously present in urban aerosol. High concentration of acephenanthrylene and aceanthrylene were found in agricultural biomass and coal combustion particles. However, it is difficult to detect in exhaust from gasoline and diesel engine, dustfall, waste water, soil, and sediment. Combustion emissions were considered the major source of acephenanthrylene and aceanthrylene, which can be used as a potential molecular marker for the source pollution in urban aerosols.     

阳光、光群场和太阳能飞行器研究

传统能源稀缺已直接影响世界各国经济和人类生活,并已成为人类未来能否在地球上继续生存亟待解决的问题。由于地球能源中除核能、地热能与地球形成初期的状况有关外,一切已知的化学能量都是直接或间接来自太阳,因此人类所面临的能源困境,其实是太阳能量得失失衡的问题,其根源在于人类消耗能量的速度,已明显高于太阳能的直接或间接收集效率以及转化利用率。太阳能是目前人类主要的持久能源,要充分利用太阳能就必须进一步揭示阳光更深层的本质和运动规律,进而研制出可以高效收集和转化利用太阳能的新装置设备。本文简要讨论关于阳光的若干问题,提出光群场假设和光微粒、子光群、光源常数、子光群分布密度、持久能源等新概念,并简述借助太阳能飞行器来研究太阳能的创新方法,以及中国太阳能飞行器研制及其科学意义。     

论我国民办高校的分类与管理机制

由于民办高校与公办高校存在着积极促进与集约化管理的理念差异，民办高校较之于一般意义上的民营企业更存在着税收、财政、行政审批等方面的优惠政策。故而，界定不同类型的民办高校，在外部管理政策上加以区分，应当是我国积极推进民办教育事业发展的题中应有之义。而资本来源、办学目的、管理机制则是民办高校分类标准体系中的核心要素。     

煤矿危险源的研究与煤矿事故防控体系的建立

对煤矿危险源进行了研究,阐述了煤矿事故防控体系建立的必要性及基本内容,建立了以危险源预控为核心的煤矿安全体系。