Water-vapor source shift of Xinjiang region during the recent twenty years

The aim of this paper is to investigate the climate water-vapor sources of Xinjiang region and their shifts during the past 20 years. First, the principle and steps are roughly regulated to seek the water-vapor sources. Second, the climate stationary water-vapor transport in troposphere is calculated to distinguish where the water vapor comes from by ERA-40 reanalysis. In addition, the collocation between the transport and the atmospheric column water vapor content is analyzed. The results show that the major vapor comes from the west side of Xinjiang for mid-month of seasons, apart from July while the water vapor comes from the north or northwest direction. The water vapor sources are different for different seasons, for example, the Caspian Sea and Mediterranean are the sources in January and April, the North Atlantic and the Arctic sea in July, and the Black Sea and Caspian Sea in October, respectively. In recent ten years more water vapor above Xinjiang comes from the high latitudes and the Arctic sea with global warming, and less from Mediterranean in comparison with the case of 1973—1986. In fact, the air over subtropics becomes dry and the anomalous water vapor transport direction turns to west or southwest during 1987—2000. By contrast, the air over middle and high latitudes is warmer and wetter than 14 years ago.     

条形射频源大口径离子束刻蚀机性能(英文)

针对大尺寸基底往复扫描条形离子束来实现大面积刻蚀的特点,实验测试了基于射频感应耦合等离子体离子源大型离子束刻蚀机的性能.利用法拉第筒扫描探测系统在线测量束流密度,通过控制气体流量、调节加速电压等,得到了纵向束流密度±5.3%均匀性的较好结果.刻蚀实验表明40 cm长度范围刻蚀深度均匀性为±5.4%,同时具有较好的束流稳定性.添加束阑,并结合掩模修正束流,会得到更好的束流密度与刻蚀深度均匀性.     

Thermal simulation experiment on the hydrocarbon regeneration of marine carbonate source rock

Hydrocarbon regeneration of marine carbonate source rock was simulated with thermal experiments in a laboratory. The results reveal that hydrocarbon regeneration does not simply continue the primary hydrocarbon generation process, and that, for marine carbonate source rock, discontinuous hydrocarbon generation differs greatly from the continuous generation. Several different features of hydrocarbon regeneration were observed in the experiments. First, the liquid hydrocarbon generation peak was always observed no matter what the initial maturity of the sample was. Moreover, the maturity and the liquid hydrocarbon yield corresponding to the peak varied with the sample’s initial maturity. Second, the hydrocarbon regeneration started earlier than the continuous one. In the experiments, the hydrocarbon could be re-generated when the sample maturity did not rise to any great extent. Third, the accumulative hydrocarbon-generating quantity during discontinuous generation was always more than that during continuous generation. And the hydrocarbon-generating quantity varied with the discontinuous generation history. Chemical kinetic analysis suggests that discontinuous hydrocarbon generation should not only be explained by the parallel reaction mechanism but also by the consecutive reaction mechanism which has been ignored in the traditional chemical kinetic model for continuous hydrocarbon generation.     

农田氮素非点源污染模型及年负荷估算研究

研究了农田中氮素随径流动力输出的过程，并依据径流特征和农田氮肥施用情况，将全年区分为水田施肥期、水田生长期和非水田期.按试验时的天气条件，分别采用人工模拟降雨或农田实测降雨的资料，分析农田非点源污染回归模型.水田施肥期采用人工模拟集中降雨情形，降雨强度为2 mm&;#8226;min^-1，模型氮素浓度范围为28~45 mg&;#8226;L^-1；水田生长期和非水田期采用天然降雨，降雨强度为0.037 6~0.075 1 mm&;#8226;min^-1，模型氮素浓度为0.2~4.0 mg&;#8226;L^-1.在分析长系列降雨资料的基础上，综合运用修正SCS（Soil Conservation Service）法、单位线法和相关分析法，估算得到农田径流过程排放的氮素量，再加上地下水渗漏流失的氮素量，取得上海地区一般降水年份农田的氮素非点源污染年负荷量为26.5 kg&;#8226;ha^-1.     

通信侦察中通信复信号的盲源分离算法

针对目前大多盲源分离算法只适用于实信号,而在通信对抗中处理的一般都是通信复信号这一问题,推导了一种适用于通信复信号的盲源分离算法.该算法以Kullback-Leibler发散度作为信号之间独立性的测度准则.另外由于自然梯度比随机梯度性能更优,因此利用代价函数的自然梯度进行优化,根据白化后信号混合矩阵为正交矩阵的结论,对分离矩阵做正交性约束,推导出了算法的迭代公式.仿真结果表明,即使在有嗓环境下,该算法也能够有效地分离出源信号.     

冷中子源逆布雷顿循环氦制冷机性能分析和优化

运用能量守恒和(火用)分析方法,对冷中子源氦制冷逆布雷顿循环过程进行热力分析和(火用)分析.找出了系统(火用)效率和各部件(火用)损失随着压缩机压比、膨胀机等熵效率、跑冷量、换热器冷热流体平均温差变化的规律,并提出减小循环跑冷量、换热器内冷热流体温差,以及提高压缩机压比、膨胀机等熵效率、物料分配均匀度以提高循环性能和系统(火用)效率的措施.基于换热器内部冷热流体温差分布对循环性能影响的分析,设计了膨胀机预冷循环方案,该方案的(火用)效率相对于基本循环提高了24 %.     

改进的基于步长自适应的自然梯度盲源分离算法

为解决盲源分离算法中收敛速度和稳定性的折中问题,基于最优步长的思想,提出了一种新的步长自适应的自然梯度盲分离算法.在自然梯度盲分离算法的基础上,对步长进行自适应迭代,步长偏移量的选取原则是使得下一次迭代时的步长最优,或者说目标函数最小.仿真结果表明,提出的算法相对固定步长自然梯度算法,其收敛速度提高了1倍以上,而系统的稳定性能基本不变.     

一种基于比例电流的欠压保护电路的设计和实现

对传统欠压保护电路的缺点进行了分析,给出了一款基于比例电流的欠压保护电路,该电路有两个特点:电路结构简单容易实现,采用了Widlar电流源结构,不需要额外的外部基准;电路结构设计中,考虑了器件的温度特性,保证了电路的翻转阈值和迟滞量在正常温度范围内偏差不大.在基于0.6 μm的BiCMOS工艺库下对该电路进行了仿真验证,结果表明:在不同的模型下,阈值最大偏差为50 mV,在不同的温度下,阈值最大偏差为110 mV;该电路可应用于开关电源芯片中.     

飞行器隐身技术研究现状

飞行器隐身技术在提高目前兵器的突破能力和纵深打击能力方面发挥了越来越重要的作用,美俄等军事强国宣称已将等离子体隐身技术应用于军事装备。美国F-16战斗机设计师和英国Topgun(《尖端武器》)杂志主编在Jane’s Defence Weekly(《简氏防务周刊》)上指出,F-22隐形战斗机并不是我们想要的;而前南斯拉夫人民空军与防空部队使用落后的雷达锁定美F-16战斗机,并用老式导弹击落,宣布美国采用的磁性材料涂敷、结构设计和等离子体技术等三位一体的协同隐身技术的失败。为此,我国不能再跟踪研仿国外军事强国的失败技术,应该自主创新,尽快研制出微型、低能耗的高浓度等离子体源,并使之成功地装备于我国的飞行器上。     

冶金企业工业污染源的普查和评价

冶金企业中往往具有众多的工业污染源和排放种类多、数量大的污染物,这样就产生了如何确定企业污染防治重心的问题.本文对工业污染源的普查及评价方法进行了阐述,从而能使每个企业把握自身的污染防治重心,对企业环境污染状况的治理工作具有一定的借鉴意义.