Indirect and direct acoustic aggression in cicadas: first observations in the Palaearctic genus Tibicina Amyot (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cicadidae)

Tibicina Amyot is a cicada genus of the Palaearctic biogeographical region with seven taxa (species and subspecies) distributed in France. As in other cicadas, the sound production by tymbal vibration is restricted to males. In Tibicina, males are attracted by conspecific calling songs and tend to form groups of several individuals which maintain a minimal distance between each other. Observations based upon male–male interactions in such aggregations and on some preliminary experiments conducted with males kept in captivity revealed for the first time both indirect and direct aggression. Spacing and chorusing are interpreted as a by-product of indirect aggression mediated through the calling song. Direct aggression occurred when spacing is not respected. It is achieved through a ritualistic sequence that involves mainly the production of the rivalry song, an acoustic signal previously reported in the literature for two cicada species only. In addition, satellite males and male–male courting are reported. These preliminary results suggest that the sound social organization in the genus Tibicina is more elaborate than first suspected and should be reconsidered in terms of lek behaviour and sexual selection.     

摩托车声品质评价的神经网络方法

针对声品质评价过程中线性回归模型评价结果的不足,采用BP神经网络对人的主观评价结果进行预测.采集摩托车在不同发动机转速下驾驶员耳旁的声信号样本,采用分组成对比较法进行主观评价试验,选取了响度、尖锐度、粗糙度作为神经网络模型输入参数,结合主观评价结果对模型进行训练与检验,并与线性回归模型输出结果进行比较.结果表明,选取驾驶员双耳响度、尖锐度、粗糙度作为模型输入能够较为准确地反映人耳对摩托车噪声的主观感觉.     

超声热疗中媒质特性对声聚焦的影响

以凹球面自聚焦超声换能器为例,用瑞利积分进行数值模拟计算,研究声衰减、声速、温度等参数对声聚焦的影响,并对不同生物组织中声聚焦的特点进行了比较.研究表明,不同的媒质的特性参数聚焦表现出不同的特点.声衰减系数增大,则焦斑向声源靠近且焦斑缩短;声速越大,则焦距越小,但焦域最大声压值升高,焦斑的面积增大;温度变化不大时,对声聚焦的影响不明显.     

电刺激小脑顶核对大鼠心肌梗死后心脏神经再生的影响

探讨预先电刺激小脑顶核(FNS)对大鼠心肌梗死(MI)后心脏神经再生的干预作用。将90只Wistar大鼠随机分为:①MI组,结扎左冠状动脉前降支(LAD);②预先电刺激小脑顶核后再予以LAD结扎组(FNS MI组);③毁损小脑顶核后电刺激该部位,再行LAD结扎组(FNL FNS MI组)。各组又分MI后1,7,21d3个时间点。另设假手术组(Sham组)。应用免疫组织化学方法显示心脏组织胆碱乙酰转移酶(CHAT)和酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)。检测各时间点梗死区与非梗死区TH、CHAT阳性神经纤维分布密度,MI组与Sham组相比显著减少(P<0.01);FNS MI组较MI组显著增多(P<0.05);FNL FNS MI组与MI组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。因此,电刺激小脑顶核可增加梗死区和非梗死区心肌组织TH、CHAT染色阳性神经纤维密度,促进MI后心脏神经纤维再生。     

浅谈汉语术语的形音义规范

定形、定音、定义是汉语术语规范工作的重要内容。形态方面，汉语术语的构成要素、科技名词用字、术语的正名和异名等需要加以注意；语音方面，拼写规则、特殊字形注音和多音字读音等当妥善处理；定义方面，需总结术语定义内容的各种形式特征，论证其理据性。     

深度脑刺激的精确闭环去同步控制

深度脑刺激(DBS)是治疗帕金森症和癫痫等神经疾病的有效方法之一.针对其开环控制的缺点,以MorrisLecar神经元为节点模拟病态同步神经元网络,提出了基于H∞变论域模糊的DBS闭环控制方法,实现了神经元网络的精确去同步控制.采用变论域模糊逼近神经元非线性动态和H∞抑制逼近误差,利用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论证明控制算法的稳定性并进行了仿真分析.仿真结果验证了所提方案的有效性及鲁棒性,该方法可作为由病态同步引起的神经疾病的一种潜在电刺激治疗方案.     

玉林桥背话音系

桥背话属闽南次方言，通行于广西王林市茂林镇上桥背、下桥背和石圳塘等几个自然村。本文具体地描写桥背话音系，包括声韵调及其特点，并列出同音字表。     

Preparation, structure, and properties of polyurethane foams modified by nanoscale titanium dioxide with three different dimensions

TiO2-based nanosheets (TiNSs), TiO2-based nanotubes (TiNTs) were prepared by hydrothermal processing, and polyurethane foams with TiO2 nanopowders (P25), TiNSs and TiNTs were synthesized by free-rising foaming method. The Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra show that the addition of titanium dioxide does not affect the chemical structure of polyurethane foam. However, microscope observations show that PU/TiNSs composite foams have more uniform cells and the average aperture smaller than that of pure poly-urethane foams. According to the results of thermal analysis, the PU/TiNSs composite foams have better thermal stability, the temperature of decompostion occurring with a maximum weight loss rate is about 30 ℃ higher than that of pure PU foams. The decompostion temperatures are 167 ℃ and 148 ℃ for the PU/P25 composite foams and the PU/TiNTs composite foams respectively, which are lower than that of pure PU foams. Moreover, with the addition of the fillers, the sound absorption property also has changed; the addition of TiNSs improved the sound absorbing property efficiently. The better thermal stability and sound absorption of PU/TiNSs composite foams are mainly due to the uniform cells diffuse and smaller aperture.     

自动变速器传动路线分析在异响故障诊断中的应用

本文结合自动变速器的结构原理对其传动路线进行了分析,并深入分析了异响故障的主要原因和诊断思路。     

含瓦斯煤体机械振动增透的应力机制初探

基于我国大部分煤层渗透率低、煤层瓦斯抽采效率低的现状,对增加煤体渗透能力的多种技术进行了应力机制分析;分析表明,采用的多种技术的共同特点是降低煤体的有效应力,从而提高煤体的孔隙和裂隙发育程度,提高煤体的渗透能力。在理论分析和实验研究的基础上提出了声频振动波增透煤体的新思路,对防治煤矿瓦斯灾害和提高煤层气抽采率具有重要的参考价值。