百脉根的体细胞胚胎发生与高频率植株再生

百脉根的子叶，下胚轴，根在含ＢＡ，ＫＴ，ＺＴ或ＴＤＫ的ＭＳ培养基上均可直接成苗。芽分化频率与添加在培养基里的激素种类密切相关激素浓度对芽的分化和苗的形态影响极大。再生植株经不定芽和体细胞胚胎发生途径形成。体细胞起源于单细胞，其发育过程与合子胚相似。     

Grape vine physiology: the contribution of culture in vitro

Conclusion In the area of cell and tissue physiology, the grape vine has been a major reference material. As with all woody perennials, in vitro technologies are relatively delicate. Nevertheless, remarkable progress has produced a situation where, during the past ten years, practical application of results from in vitro work has been envisaged. Reciprocal understanding has yet to be established between scientists developing micropropagation (multiplication with conformity to type) and those using in vitro methods for variety improvement (multiplication for novelty of type). I am convinced that the future should not see one of these objectives dominating the other. On the contrary, certain technologies should be developed to ensure a framework for conformity of propagation and others to obtain greater variability with the goal of plant improvement. This will render effective the two applications considered.     

Hybrid plant regeneration from interfamilial somatic hybridization between grapevine (vitia vinifera L.) and Red Thorowax (Bupleurum scorzonerifolium willd)

The protoplasts of Red Thorowax ( Bupleurum scorzonerifolium) irradiated by ultraviolet light (UV) at an intensity of 260μW/cm2 for 0, 1,2 and 3 min respectively were fused with that of grapevine ( Vitia vinifera). The regenerated 19 clones, every one derived from a single fused cell, were identified as hybrids by phenotype, isozyme, chromosome and 5S rDNA spacer region analysis. The results reveal that all of them are somatic hybrids. 11 hybrid calli including asymmetric and symmetric products regenerated somatic embryos and young leaves after 5 months of culture, of which 4 hybrid cell lines derived from asymmetric fusion regenerated plants with roots after 8-10 months of culture. Inspection of chromosome showed that regeneration of whole plant was related to the decrease of chromosome number. Identification of 5S rDNA spacer region of the plants confirmed that they were interfamilial hybrid plants.     

青苗碱谷与高冰草的体细胞杂交及杂种性质鉴定

将高冰草（Agropyrom elongahan Host Nevski）原生质体用强度为380μW／cm^2的紫外线分别照射0s、30s、1min、2min后作为融合供体;而未经射线处理的青苗碱谷（Setaria italica Beaur）原生质体作为融合受体,利用PEG方法诱导融合．对再生克隆进行形态学和染色体观察,并用同工酶、RAPD、5SrDNA间隔序列和叶绿体微卫星DNA（SSR）进行杂种性质鉴定．结果证明融合产物具有双亲基因组,高频率地形成了体细胞杂种。     

普通油茶体胚再生体系研究

为构建农杆菌介导的油茶遗传转化受体系统,选择普通油茶‘长林'4号、53号和166号的幼胚为外植体材料,进行多因素多水平的组织培养试验。结果表明:培养基的pH对愈伤组织诱导率影响不显著,愈伤组织的诱导率受油茶品种影响极显著; ‘长林'53号的幼胚极易实现胚性愈伤组织诱导和完整植株再生,MS培养基是最佳培养基,2,4-D和TDZ为幼胚较敏感的植物激素,对愈伤组织诱导影响最大; 当MS+2 mg/L 2,4-D+0.5 mg/L TDZ处理时,‘长林'53号体胚诱导率为98%; MS+1 mg/L 2,4-D+2 mg/L KT+500 mg/L CH处理时,‘长林'53号体胚诱导率为89.6%。在不同2,4-D、KT、TDZ和添加物水平的L₉(3⁴)正交试验中,除3个处理外,其他处理组合的‘长林'53号体胚诱导率都达到100%。已分化的胚性愈伤组织在不含任何激素的MS培养基上,可以实现胚状体的萌发、生长及完整植株再生。     

哺乳动物克隆的现状和研究进展

 哺乳动物细胞克隆是20世纪末生命科学领域最引人注目的高新技术,该技术对于优良种畜的复制、减少试验用动物数目、动物遗传多样性保存及濒危动物挽救、转基因动物培育等方面具有重要意义。近年来克隆技术发展迅速,多种哺乳动物相继克隆成功,但也存在克隆效率太低、克隆动物表型正常而实质异常的问题。本文详细阐述了克隆效率太低、克隆动物表型正常而实质异常问题,介绍了当前动物克隆技术的发展现状,并对动物克隆涉及的技术进行了总结和概括,着重介绍了卵母细胞的去核方法和重组胚的构建方法。     

茉莉酸甲酯对杂交鹅掌楸体胚发育的影响

【目的】探讨作为植物生长调节剂的茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)对杂交鹅掌楸体胚发育的影响,为进一步提高杂交鹅掌楸体胚发生效率奠定基础。【方法】在已建立的杂交鹅掌楸未成熟胚体细胞发生体系的基础上,选用杂交鹅掌楸3种基因型C138、233012、253010为材料,分别添加5种浓度的茉莉酸甲酯,测定杂交鹅掌楸在添加不同浓度茉莉酸甲酯条件下的体胚发生率、成熟率、畸形胚发生率,以及再生植株率。【结果】在体胚诱导培养基中添加不同浓度的MeJA可以显著影响杂交鹅掌楸体胚发生效率,且随着MeJA浓度的增加,体胚发生率和成熟率逐渐升高,畸形胚发生率逐渐降低,而当MeJA浓度超过一定值后,体胚发生率和成熟率呈现下降趋势,畸形胚发生率也逐渐升高。杂交鹅掌楸3种基因型体胚发生率和成熟率从高到低的次序为233012、C138、253010。脱落酸(ABA)能够增强MeJA的上述效应。在体胚苗的生长阶段,浓度逐渐升高的MeJA限制了根的生长,但ABA不能改变该效应。【结论】添加1 μmol/L MeJA和2 mg/L ABA时杂交鹅掌楸体胚诱导效果最佳,此时体胚发生率和体胚成熟率相对较高,体胚畸形率最低。     

体细胞核移植技术和诱导多功能干细胞技术的研究比较

本文主要对体细胞核移植技术和诱导多功能干细胞技术的具体操作过程、两种技术当前面临的问题以及他们的应用前景进行了简要说明.     

欧洲七叶树体细胞次生胚重复发生研究

取欧洲七叶树体细胞胚的子叶诱导次生胚发生,表明:MS ZT(0.5~2.0 mg/L) BA 1.0 mg/L IAA 0.2 mg/L培养基可直接诱导次生胚发生,诱导率超过80%;同一子叶的不同部位分化能力不同,靠近胚轴部位分化能力最强,其他部位比较弱。